1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Århus
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
SPARK-projektet (Aarhus får ny moderne bypark)
Short description of the intervention
The areas around MarselisborgCenter in Aarhus get a new and better life. The project will contribute to the world's first city park that handles excess rainwater and invites citizens to health-promoting lifestyles. The area around MarselisborgCenter will be converted into a public city park for both MarselisborgCenter's users (people in rehabilitation) and the citizens of Aarhus in general. At the same time, the area will make the city more robust to future heavy rainfall. (Ref. 1)

The purpose of SPARK is to create a new, vibrant urban space in and around the Marselisborg Center, which partly meets the need for outdoor rehabilitation activities for the center's users, and partly the need for a fully-fledged climate adaptation effort in the area. These needs are united by the construction of a new public park, which also has the potential to increase social inclusion by creating meetings between the users of the Marselisborg Center and the many residents in the district. (Ref. 6)
Address

PP Ørums Street 11,
8000 Århus
Denmark

Area boundary
POINT (10.185579 56.141637)
POINT (10.187113 56.14254)
POINT (10.190493 56.141829)
POINT (10.190192 56.139976)
POINT (10.186287 56.139683)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Marselisborg+Hospital/@56.1406512,10.185965,484m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x464c400a86c59925:0xb461c6913ff5ac80!8m2!3d56.1406512!4d10.1881537
Total area
67750.00m²
NBS area
67750.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
Area surrounding Merselisborg Centret, which is a rehabilitation center ( Ref 6)
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2014
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2015
End date of the intervention
2021
Present stage of the intervention
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
The project takes place during different phases, where phase 1 and 2 include organization plan, economic clarification etc. and the establishment of SPARK (phase 3) takes place between 2017 and 2019. (Ref. 2)
Goals of the intervention
The project is a park surrounding Marselisborg Rehabilitation Center with multiple functions as a place for recreation, nature, rehabilitation and climate adaptation. SPARK is part of a wider urban development plan to repurpose a 100-year-old hospital into a new, innovative rehabilitation center, combining climate adaptation and outdoor activities for patients. (Ref 7)

The city park, which goes under the project name SPARK (Sunde Park Aktiviteter, Rehabilitering og Klima/Healthy Park Activities, Rehabilitation and Climate), aims to create open green areas (with the purpose to be used for rehabilitation, climate adaptation with regards to heavy rainfall, biodiversity, recreational values, social sustainability, and promote a healthy lifestyle). (Ref. 1, 2, 3) In addition to the users of MarselisborgCenter, there are 15,000 people within five minutes walk, and there are also several institutions and associations in the area, the park will aim to be these things for all of these stakeholders (Ref. 3, 2)

Part of the Marselisborg Rehabilitation Center is located on a hill top, meaning that the low lying areas surrounding it are more prone to flooding. The climate adapted area is comprised of a built area of ​​approx. 25,700 m2 and a green area of ​​42,050 m2 which can handle 892 m3 of water during a 1⁄2 year rain event, in which 14.2 mm will fall in 10 minutes. During a 1-in-100 year rain event, SPARK can handle 3,427 m3 of water. The result of SPARK will be the weather proofing of a 4,500 m2 basement, local job creation, and, for the benefit of patients, as the center will see an increased number of rehabilitation courses per year. (Ref 7)
Quantitative targets
Target: all urban spaces must be dimensioned to manage up to a 5-year event of normal rainfall, as well as manage a 100 year event of cloudburst. (Ref. 2)

The climate adapted area is comprised of a built area of ​​approx. 25,700 m2 and a green area of ​​42,050 m2 which can handle 892 m3 of water during a 1⁄2 year rain event, in which 14.2 mm will fall in 10 minutes. During a 1-in-100 year rain event, SPARK can handle 3,427 m3 of water. (Ref 7)
Monitoring indicators defined
Water handling/ retention to decrease flood impact: The climate adapted area is comprised of a built area of ​​approx. 25,700 m2 and a green area of ​​42,050 m2 which can handle 892 m3 of water during a 1⁄2 year rain event, in which 14.2 mm will fall in 10 minutes. During a 1-in-100 year rain event, SPARK can handle 3,427 m3 of water.(Ref 7)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
The plan is to create the world's first city park which manages both rainwater and promotes a healthy life. (Ref. 3)

The project is a park surrounding Marselisborg Rehabilitation Center with multiple functions as a place for recreation, nature, rehabilitation and climate adaptation. SPARK is part of a wider urban development plan to repurpose a 100-year-old hospital into a new, innovative rehabilitation center, combining climate adaptation and outdoor activities for patients. (Ref 7)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Green areas for water management
Sustainable urban drainage systems
What is the level of innovation / development of the NBS related to water management?
Vegetation Type
Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS
Marselisborg Rehabilitation Center (Ref 7)
Please specify "other marginalized group"
It is a hospital being transformed into a rehabilitation center (Ref 6, 7); patients (Ref 7)
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Flood regulation
Cultural services
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Non-government actors
Public sector institution (e.g. school or hospital)
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project partners are: MarselisborgCentret, Region Midtjylland, Aarhus City, Aarhus Vand (Water), Realdania (Business association). A steering group has been established across three magistrate offices in Aarhus city (the magistracy for Health and Care, MSO, the magistracy for Technology and environment, MTM, and the mayor's department). Region Midjylland, Aarhus Water and Realdania have contributed to the development of the project. (Ref. 2)
Has its own research and development department/rehabilitation research at MarselisborgCenter, thus launching 2 PhD project (focusing on outdoors solution and rehabilitation) in 2020, in relation to the SPARK project, and thereby maximizing the health, climate and business development impact of the project. (Ref. 2)
Key actors - initiating organization
Land owners
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Regional government
Local government/municipality
Public sector institution
Business association or network
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Researchers/university
Land owners
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Many elements of the regional and city policies/strategies will be met by the SPARK project. The regional perspective; Region Midtjyllands Vækst- og udviklingsstrategi 2015-2025 (growth and development strategy) and Lokal Agenda 21 – Strategi og handlingsplan 2012-2015 (Local Agenda 21, strategy and action plan). (Ref. 2)

The Aarhus kommune perspective, the following policies/strategies/plans will be met through the realization of SPARK: Parkprogram for Aarhus - Tæt på mennesker 2010-2019 (the park programme), Aarhus Kommunes Klimatilpasningsplan (the climate adaptation plan), Aarhus Kommune, Naturkvalitetsplanen 2013-2030 (nature quality plan) and goals in the Municipal plan. (Ref. 2)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
E.g. Parkprogram for Aarhus - Tæt på mennesker 2010-2019 (the park programme), Aarhus Kommunes Klimatilpasningsplan (the climate adaptation plan), Aarhus Kommune, Naturkvalitetsplanen 2013-2030 (nature quality plan) and goals in the Municipal plan. (Ref. 2)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
The vision for a CO2 neutral Aarhus by 2030. (Ref. 4)
Please specify other vegetation type
open green areas (with the purpose to be used for rehabilitation, climate adaptation with regards to heavy rainfall, biodiversity, recreational values, social sustainability, and promote a healthy lifestyle). (Ref. 1, 2, 3)
rainwater (Ref 3)
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Has its own research and development department/rehabilitation research at MarselisborgCenter, thus launching 2 PhD project (focusing on outdoors solution and rehabilitation) in 2020, in relation to the SPARK project, and thereby maximizing the health, climate and business development impact of the project. (Ref. 2)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Through e.g. department of Technology and Environment. (Ref. 2)
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
8.5 million EUR (Ref 2)
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Total cost around 3.5 and 5.0 million EUR (35 and 50 million DKK), where e.g. Aarhus Water contributes with 150 000 EUR, Department of Technology and Environment (Aarhus City) 250 000 EUR, Department of Health and Care (Aarhus City) 250 000 EUR, MarselisborgCenter with 850 000 EUR. (Ref. 2)

Contributions through funds are expected to be 150 000 - 300 000 EUR. (Ref. 2)
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Please specify technological innovation
The green space areas/park will manage future heavy rain fall. (Ref. 3)
Please specify social innovation
Recreational, and promote health and well-being. (Ref. 2)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The project will contribute to the world's first city park that handles excess rainwater and invites citizens to health-promoting living. (Ref. 1)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown.
Impacts, benefits
Please specify other economic impact
business development: Has its own research and development department/rehabilitation research at MarselisborgCenter, thus launching 2 PhD project (focusing on outdoors solution and rehabilitation) in 2020, in relation to the SPARK project, and thereby maximizing the health, climate and business development impact of the project. (Ref. 2)
Description of environmental benefits
The climate-adapted area is comprised of a built area of ​​approx. 25,700 m2 and a green area of ​​42,050 m2 which can handle 892 m3 of water during a 1⁄2 year rain event, in which 14.2 mm will fall in 10 minutes. During a 1-in-100 year rain event, SPARK can handle 3,427 m3 of water. (Ref 7)
Description of economic benefits
The result of SPARK will lead to local job creation, and, for the benefit of patients, as the center will see an increased number of rehabilitation courses per year. (Ref 7)
business development: Has its own research and development department/rehabilitation research at MarselisborgCenter, thus launching 2 PhD project (focusing on outdoors solution and rehabilitation) in 2020, in relation to the SPARK project, and thereby maximizing the health, climate and business development impact of the project. (Ref. 2)
Description of social and cultural benefits
Has its own research and development department/rehabilitation research at MarselisborgCenter, thus launching 2 PhD project (focusing on outdoors solution and rehabilitation) in 2020, in relation to the SPARK project, and thereby maximizing the health, climate and business development impact of the project. (Ref. 2)

The SPARK project has the capacity to facilitate a minimum of 2,500 outdoor rehabilitation courses each year, and around 15,000 citizens have access to this unique recreational space. (Ref 7)

The result of SPARK will lead to local job creation, and, for the benefit of patients, as the center will see an increased number of rehabilitation courses per year. (Ref 7)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
The outdoor space will be available 24/7, 365 days per annum (i.e. availability around the area).
The area will be visited/used more (i.e. number of visitors/people using the area), Used by several individuals (days, evenings, weekends).
Strengthen health promotion/disease prevention efforts.
The buildings: support rehabilitation efforts and handle rainwater from smaller areas.
The park: handle rainwater from larger areas and invite rehabilitation in this public space. (This regards all 25 urban spaces).
The urban areas: be dimensioned to manage up to a 5-year event of normal rainfall, as well as manage a 100 year event of cloudburst. (Ref. 2)

The climate adapted area is comprised of a built area of ​​approx. 25,700 m2 and a green area of ​​42,050 m2 which can handle 892 m3 of water during a 1⁄2 year rain event, in which 14.2 mm will fall in 10 minutes. During a 1-in-100 year rain event, SPARK can handle 3,427 m3 of water. (Ref 7)
The SPARK project has the capacity to facilitate a minimum of 2,500 outdoor rehabilitation courses each year, and around 15,000 citizens have access to this unique recreational space. (Ref 7)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Unknown
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Construction work continues and the construction worker as well as the inhabitants of the rehabilitation center are said to be well taken care of based on the SPARK newsletter published on 1 April 2020 (Ref 5)
Methods of impact monitoring
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
The SPARK-MerselisborgCentret Prospekt from 2015 give preliminary predictive analysis and assessment (Ref 2) but it is from 2015 and additional information is not available.
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
Ref. 1. Realdania (n.d.) MarselisborgCentret. Information obtained: 2017-06-25. Source: https://realdania.dk/projekter/parkklimaogrehabiliteringmarselisborgcentret [Accessed on 19 September 2020]
Ref. 2. MarselisborgCentret (2015) SPARK - MarselisborgCentret. Prospekt. MarselisborgCentret. Source: https://www.rm.dk/siteassets/om-os/aktuelt/2016/04-april/160414_spark_prospekt.pdf [Accessed on 19 September 2020]
Ref. 3. Stiftstidende (2016) Aarhus får en ny moderne bypark. Århus. Information obtained: 2017-06-25. Source: http://stiften.dk/aarhus/Aarhus-faar-ny-moderne-bypark/artikel/292806 [Accessed on 19 September 2020]
Ref. 4. Aarhus Kommune (n.d.) Aarhus CO2 neutral in 2030 - tackling climate change in ecocity Aarhus. Source: https://stateofgreen.com/files/download/135 [Accessed on 19 September 2020]
Ref. 5. Merseliborg Centret (2020). Følg med i SPARK udviklingen. Source: https://www.marselisborgcentret.dk/spark/folg-med/ [Accessed on 19 September 2020]
Ref. 6. Merseliborg Centret (n.d.). SPARK. Source: https://www.marselisborgcentret.dk/spark/ [Accessed on 19 September 2020]
Ref. 7. Global Opportunity Explorer (2018) Rehabilitation And Climate Adaptation In One Place. Source: https://goexplorer.org/rehabilitation-and-climate-adaptation-in-one-place/ [Accessed on 19 September 2020]
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Aerial Image of the SPARK Project Location
Aerial Image of the SPARK Project Location
Photographer: Kristine Jensens Tegnestue (2016), retrieved 08/09/2018 from Ole Mygind
Image
Detailed image of the SPARK Project
Detailed image of the SPARK Project
Photographer: Ole Klintebæk (2014), retrieved 08/09/2018 from Ole Mygind