1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Cartagena (FUA)
Region
Latin America and the Caribbean
Native title of the NBS intervention
Parque Lineal de Crespo
Short description of the intervention
The Parque Lineal de Crespo in Cartagena, Colombia, is an urban green space built in 2016-2017 that had fallen into neglect (ref 4) and recently has undergone revitalization initiatives (ref 2). Announced in January 2024 by the Mayor of Cartagena, Dumek Turbay Paz, the project aims to reclaim and enhance this public park as a hub for recreation and community activities, fostering urban well-being and environmental stewardship​ (ref 2 and 3). The local government spearheads the intervention, and the Instituto Distrital de Deporte y Recreación (IDER) has been tasked with the park's management, ensuring its upkeep and the development of activities. The project was launched following an inspection by the Mayor and other local officials, who underscored the need for better infrastructure, safety, lighting, and green coverage through tree planting ​(ref 2 and 3). The primary objectives of the Parque Lineal de Crespo project include revitalising the park through enhanced maintenance, security, and the introduction of recreational and sports facilities. The project also aims to relocate weekend recreational activities, such as a popular bike path (ciclovía), from the congested Avenida Santander to the park, thereby reducing traffic disruptions and enhancing safety ​(ref 2 and 3). The park is relevant for the city because it combats coastal erosion caused by the rising Caribbean waters (Ref 1). The Park aims to be an icon of culture and recreation (ref 1). The project inspired a neighbours initiative, the Friends of the Crespo Linear Park, are a non-profit organization whose objective is to collaborate in the conservation of the Park by contributing awareness initiatives to the population, alerting authorities, and developing new ways to interact with the environment, such as guided bird watching activities and sports (ref 1).
Implementation area characterization
Address

Cl. 63 #1-12, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
Cartagena
Colombia

Area boundary (map-based)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
website of a project proposal https://grupoverdeltda.com/portfolio/parque-lineal-malecon-de-crespo/#iLightbox[gallery1822]/20
Total area
140000.00m²
NBS area
140000.00m²
Area description
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2016
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2024
End date of the intervention
2024
Present stage of the intervention
Objectives of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
- Green space availability: Revitalize and maintain the park as a sustainable and vibrant urban green space (ref 1 and 2)
- Combat Coastal Erosion: The park was constructed to help mitigate the effects of climate change and to curb coastal erosion caused by the rising waters of the Caribbean Sea​ (ref 1)
- Promoting Recreation and Public Health: By offering a safe and well-maintained area for recreational activities, such as sports and weekend events, the park aims to improve public health and provide a space for community engagement​( ref 2 and 3)
- Enhancing Environmental Awareness and Education: The park is intended to serve as an educational center where the community can learn about protecting the coastal ecosystem and the importance of environmental stewardship​ (ref 1).
- Fostering Social Cohesion and Cultural Identity: By integrating social and cultural activities, the park aims to become a hub for cultural expression and social interaction (ref 1 and 2).
Implementation activities and NBS focus
Implementation activities
- provide maintenance by the program Cartagena "pulmon verde": The daily maintenance is carried out by two gardeners who perform tasks such as scything, watering, weeding, applying phytosanitary treatments, fertilizing, sweeping both hard and green areas, as well as planting ornamental species (ref 6).
- the City Administration is starting to restore it, providing the best conditions in terms of security, cleanliness, lighting, and planting (trees and vegetation) (ref 2).
- relocating activities such as the ciclovía (on Sundays in Colombia, some of the main streets get closed so they can be used by bicycles, people running, walking, and other recreational activities) from congested roads to the park, the project seeks to enhance traffic safety​ (ref 3 and 5).
- The Mayor's Office of Cartagena and IDER are developing their strategies, Actívate en el Parque and Actívate Rodando, Actívate en el Parque is a strategy that aims to create spaces for children and adolescents with recreational activities, games, face painting, and crafts, and many more activities for the enjoyment and fun of family leisure time, for skating enthusiasts in Cartagena, Actívate Rodando is a strategy that seeks to promote healthy lifestyle habits in a fun way for adults, youth, boys, and girls.
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Coastlines
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Coastal protection
Cultural services
Recreation
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Demographics in implementation area
The Crespo neighbourhood is known for its mix of colonial and modern-style architecture, as well as its vibrant culture and historical significance as a centre of Afro-Caribbean traditions. The neighbourhood is located just 10 minutes from the Historical Center and is a popular tourist destination due to its narrow streets, colourful houses, and lively nightlife (ref 8).
Socio-economic profile of the area
Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts
Unknown
Specification of climate or environmentally vulnerable communities
Primary Beneficiaries
Specify primary beneficiaries
Citizens: A massive turnout is expected from the residents of the area and from all citizens who love sports and physical activities in a wonderful setting by the shores of the Caribbean Sea (ref 5). The park is life for children, youth, and adults, neighbours of the Park and nearby neighbourhoods, who engage in sports and recreational activities or simply enjoy the beach and the sun (ref 1).
Marginalized groups
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Cartagena's mayor, Dumek Turbay Paz, announced this Thursday that the District Administration, as a demonstration of a new commitment fulfilled by the ‘United to Advance’ government, will now take on the recovery, cleaning, surveillance, and necessary maintenance of the Crespo Linear Park, which will be under the responsibility of the District Institute of Sports and Recreation (IDER) (ref 2).
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
District/neighbourhood association
Participatory methods/forms of stakeholder involvement (all stakeholders)
Uncommon actors ("Missing actors")
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The Cartagena Green Lung Program: an initiative by Acuacar to support the enhancement of the city's landscape and improve the overall environmental quality. This initiative is supported by the production of seedlings from the forest nursery located at the ETAP El Bosque, which was originally created to meet the company's own needs for improving its facilities (pumping stations, EBAC, treatment plant, and offices). Once this phase was completed, the forest nursery continued its production to support the recovery activities of parks and green areas in the city, led by community groups and educational institutions. Acuacar is Aguas de Cartagena S.A. E.S.P., a mixed public services company that provides water and sewerage services to the city (ref 9).
Relevant strategy or plan
Please specify other local relevant strategy
Cartagena Green Lung Program (ref 9).
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Please specify other type of voluntary intervention
The park is the result of the construction of the road next to it (ref 4)
Enablers & Barriers
Please provide details (e.g, name of the plan or strategy) for the selected policies or initiatives.
The Cartagena Green Lung Program: an initiative by Acuacar to support the enhancement of the city's landscape and improve the overall environmental quality. This initiative is supported by the production of seedlings from the forest nursery located at the ETAP El Bosque, which was originally created to meet the company's own needs for improving its facilities (pumping stations, EBAC, treatment plant, and offices). Once this phase was completed, the forest nursery continued its production to support the recovery activities of parks and green areas in the city, led by community groups and educational institutions. Acuacar is Aguas de Cartagena S.A. E.S.P., a mixed public services company that provides water and sewerage services to the city (ref 9).
Barriers
Unknown
Financing
Total cost
Please specify total cost (EUR)
unknown
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Entrepreneurship opportunities
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
-Achieved storm / wave induced erosion and flooding & Enhanced protection and restoration of coastal and marine ecosystems: The Coastal Park is a source of life in many ways. It brings life to the area's beaches by acting as a retaining wall, slowing down the advance of marine erosion, a persistent danger (ref 1).
-Achieved increased green space area: The city administration begins to restore it, improving conditions in terms of security, cleanliness, lighting, and planting (trees and vegetation) (ref 3). 14ha of green space created (ref. 3)
-Achieved reduced biodiversity loss & Increased number of species present: "It is life for the coastal ecosystem, its birds, and its native plant species, which survive despite the historical and ongoing decline of the tropical dry forest" (ref 1).
Environmental impact indicators
Green space area created (in ha)
14
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
-Achieved improved access to urban green space: It is life for children, youth, and adults, neighbors of the Park and nearby neighborhoods, who engage in sports, recreational activities, or simply enjoy the beach and the sun (ref 1).
-Achieved gain in activities for recreation and exercise & Increased opportunities for social interaction: Since January of this year, children, young people, and adults have been gathering at what is now an ideal spot for recreation, physical activity, and entertainment: the Crespo Linear Park. The Mayor's Office of Cartagena and IDER are developing their strategies, 'Actívate en el Parque' and 'Actívate Rodando,' from this beautiful space located by the sea, with activities every Saturday and Sunday starting at 5:00 PM, aimed at Cartagena families and visitors (ref 7).
- Achieved increased knowledge of locals about local nature: bird-watching activities led by the Amigos del Parque Lineal association (ref 1).
-Achieved increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces: The project inspired a neighbours initiative, the Friends of the Crespo Linear Park, are a non-profit organization whose objective is to collaborate in the conservation of the Park by contributing awareness initiatives to the population, alerting authorities, and developing new ways to interact with the environment, such as guided bird watching activities and sports (ref 1).
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Cost-benefit analysis
Unknown
Transparency
Justice
Description of locals satisfaction with the project
Edith Prescott, a resident of the Crespito neighbourhood who engages in physical activities every morning, expressed her satisfaction with the restoration of "a park that belongs to the entire community and urgently needed to be restored for the health and recreation of so many people." (ref 2).
Trade-offs & Negative impacts
Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement
High-quality & Transformative NBS
Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community)
Yes
Goal setting and impacts delivery
No, although benefits were delivered in all the 3 key areas, but in the planning phase, the project did not aim to address issues in all the 3 key priority areas.
Reaching original project goals
Long-term perspective
Yes
Cost-effective solutions
Unknown
Equitable impacts
Application of lessons learned
Perception of Environmental Change
Yes
NBS Supports ecological or environmental anxiety
Unknown
References
1.
ASOPARCRESPO (2022). PARQUE LINEAL DE CRESPO. Accessed on August 23, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
2.
Cartagena Mayor's Office (2024). Terminó el abandono del Parque Lineal de Crespo: alcalde Dumek Turbay anuncia que su gobierno asume su recuperación y mantenimiento. Accessed on August 23, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
3.
El Universal (2024). El nuevo escenario recreativo: Distrito anuncia mejoras en Parque Lineal de Crespo. Accessed on August 23, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
4.
Grupo Verde (n.d.). Parque Lineal de Crespo. Accessed on August 23, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
5.
Cartagena Mayor's Office (2023). Ciclovía de Cartagena se traslada al Parque Lineal de Crespo. Accessed on August 23, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
6.
Acuacar (n.d.). Parque Lineal de Crespo. Accessed on August 23, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
7.
IDER – Instituto Distrital de Deporte y Recreación Cartagena (2024). Parque Lineal de Crespo: punto de encuentro para la recreación. Accessed on August 23, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
8.
https://cartagenadeindias.online/ (n.d.). Crespo. Accessed on August 23, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
9.
Acuacar (n.d.). Cartagena pulmón verde. Accessed on August 23, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
10.
Caracol Radio (2023). Parque Lineal de Crespo sigue esperando un doliente de “tiempo completo”. Accessed on August 23, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
Comments and notes
Additional insights
In the past, the park has been neglected by former governments (ref 10).
Public Images
Image
Picture of a green area in the park
Picture of a green area in the park
https://grupoverdeltda.com/portfolio/parque-lineal-malecon-de-crespo/#iLightbox[gallery1822]/19
Image
aerial picture of the park
aerial picture of the park
https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=830585438521698&set=a.756489899264586&locale=es_LA
Image
bicycle activity in the park
bicycle activity in the park
https://grupoverdeltda.com/portfolio/parque-lineal-malecon-de-crespo/#iLightbox[gallery1822]/11
Image
Picture of the park
picture of the park
https://grupoverdeltda.com/portfolio/parque-lineal-malecon-de-crespo/#iLightbox[gallery1822]/10
Image
picture of the park
picture of the park
https://grupoverdeltda.com/portfolio/parque-lineal-malecon-de-crespo/#iLightbox[gallery1822]/3