1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Dodoma
Region
Africa
Short description of the intervention
Rising temperatures, longer dry spells, more intense heavy rainfall and sea-level rise, make Tanzania the 26th most vulnerable country to climate risks. Dodoma, the country's capital, is a city with a rapid rate of urbanisation and uneven population growth. The near-central business district, peri-urban and urban parts of the city, have grown very fast as a result of intensified urban planning and surveying of land. A way of addressing these stringent issues was developed by ICLEI, an international NGO, which focused on the relationship between nature and urban planning and initiated an intervention in the form of a community farm in Dodoma.
This project aims to develop, 15 km from Dodoma's city centre, a community farm that will focus on producing enough food for the inhabitants of the city and its surroundings. The farm is the first in a project that will try to establish foodways. Foodways include customs of food production, preservation, preparation, presentation, gathering, marketing (both buying and selling), uses of food products other than for eating and food folklore.”The project dates back to the beginning of 2020, and it is still ongoing. (1,2,3)
Address

Msalato
41101 Dodoma
Tanzania

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2020
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2020
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The intervention has established the following goals:
1. Develop a community farm that will focus on producing enough food for the inhabitants of the city and its surroundings.
2. To create resilience in the face of climate change and biodiversity loss and to address issues related to environmental degradation. Practices related to regenerative agriculture (see below), such as companion plants (flowers, vegetables, herbs, shrubs, trees) are all carefully selected to trigger mutually beneficial interactions. Some plants protect others from pests, others share their cool shade, and others still attract pollinating insects and pest controllers. (2)
3. To implement practices related to regenerative agriculture based on permaculture that uses practical and holistic solutions to imitate and cultivate the diverse closed-loop systems seen in nature – systems that thrive for many years and produce no waste, help with the soil erosion, and advocate for specific-region food reducing the carbon footprint. Permaculture and regenerative agriculture are often applied in transformed landscapes and settled areas, and agricultural lands, where regeneration and rehabilitation of the environment may be needed.
4. To introduce a movement in Dodoma that will have a participatory approach to food security and sovereignty, emerging from the bottom up and supported from the top down. (1,2,3,6)
The intervention is part of the Interact-Bio project, which aims to provide expanding urban communities in the Global South with nature-based solutions and associated long-term benefits.
Quantitative targets
Targeting a population of approx. 7K inhabitans (Msalato) directly and 400K inhabitants indirectly (Dodoma)
Implementing an intervention on 4 hectares
Implementing the 12 principles of permaculture: Observe and Interact, Catch and Store Energy, Obtain a Yield, Apply Self-Regulation and Feedback, Use and Value Renewables, Produce No Waste, Design from Patterns to Details, Integrate Don’t Segregate, Use Small, Slow Solutions, Use and Value Diversity, Use Edges and Value the Marginal, Creatively Use and Respond to Change (1,2)

Monitoring indicators defined
Number of people benefiting from the implementation
Size area where the intervention will be implemented
Principles of regenerative agriculture practices (1,2)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
The intervention kick-started in February 2020. In August 2020, the Dodoma City Council provided ICLEI Africa and the implementation team with a shortlist of sites. BORDA Africa and several city representatives visited each site to gather information, evaluate the sites and take photos. This information was presented to ICLEI Africa and the rest of the implementation team, and the most suitable site, Msalato, was selected for the demonstration project. Following the site selection, the BORDA Africa and Inhabit Earth team started conceptualising the design for different components of the community farm using the regenerative agriculture concept and a Google Earth aerial image. On-the-ground project implementation began at the end of June 2021, when BORDA Africa, Inhabit Earth and Nipe Fagio travelled to Dodoma and started work at the Msalato site. By December 2021, the first phase of the project was completed. The implementation was also coupled with training on technical understanding of regenerative agriculture for Dodoma City Council’s Agricultural Officers and Msalato Community Farmers, as the main practitioners who will be managing and running the Msalato Community Learning Farm. (1, 3)
Type of NBS project
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Community gardens and allotments
Allotments
Horticulture
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
Unknown
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Pollination
Other
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Please specify "other regulating service"
Soil amelioration (2)
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Citizens or community groups
Coalition with multiple of the above
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project is funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety through the International Climate Initiative (IKI) which is funding the INTERACT-Bio project. INTERACT-Bio is managed and coordinated in Tanzania by ICLEI Africa, ICLEI Cities Biodiversity Center and the UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. The implementation on the ground is being undertaken by BORDA Africa, Nipe Fagio and Inhabit Earth, with the support from the Dodoma City Council and the residents of the Msalato Community. (1)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
National government
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The city of Dodoma has a National Capital City Master Plan (2019-2039) that mentions urban farming as an important goal. In the course of gathering information for this master plan, several meetings with various stakeholders and the general public were convened, including ICLEI from South Africa which is planning to support Dodoma in its initiatives of greening Dodoma. (4)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
The city of Dodoma has a National Capital City Master Plan (2019-2039) that mentions urban farming as an important goal. In the course of gathering information for this master plan, several meetings with various stakeholders and the general public were convened, including ICLEI from South Africa, which is planning to support Dodoma in its initiatives of greening Dodoma. (4)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Yes, the action is part of the Interactive BIo project that has been developing nature-based interventions in Dar es Salaam, India (Kochi, Mangaluru) and Brazil ( Belo Horizonte, Londrina, Campinas, São Paulo). (1)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Co-governance arrangement
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Please specify other source of funding
The intervention is funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety through the International Climate Initiative (IKI). (1)
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Business models
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
Though the intervention does not mention aspects related to innovation, implementing regenerative agriculture is a process innovation. One reference mentions that the land where the action was implemented was previously used for growing cash and food crops (millet, maize, cassava, groundnuts and sunflowers). Through regenerative agriculture, a new concept of agriculture was implemented - one in which complementary of the plants was much more important. Eventually, these aspects led to the creation of foodways. (1,2)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Unknown
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Reports regarding impacts have not been issued as the intervention is still ongoing. The latest actions were taken at the end of 2021 when it is the planting season in Tanzania. Expectations regarding environmental impacts revolved around addressing wider issues such as environmental degradation and climate change by rehabilitating the environment, increasing soil quality and establishing sustainable practices. From a climate perspective, as the overall intervention is part of the Interactive Bio project, it is expected that this green action and soil stabilisation will lead to the creation of infrastructure against extreme events. Moreover, by implementing permaculture practices, there is an expectation that it can address climate change effects such as the loss of biological diversity in agriculture by implementing more varieties of species, lowering the carbon footprint by eating local and fresh produce - these aspects are imprinted in Principle 12 of permaculture. Permaculture and regenerative agriculture are often applied in transformed landscapes and settled areas and agricultural lands, where regeneration and rehabilitation of the environment may be needed. (1,2,5,6)
Description of economic benefits
It is expected that the intervention will also increase the income of the communities living on the land. Residents of the Msalato community live around the site, with a secondary school in close proximity. Socio-economic activities in the area comprised small business centres and an agricultural and livestock market on Saturdays. There is also future potential in the area, as this part of the city is believed to be earmarked for developing the new Dodoma international airport due to the quick access to the city centre via the paved road. (1)
Description of social and cultural benefits
To ensure the project’s sustainability, community members will also be trained on establishing and caring for the different components of the farm during the planting and once the implementation team have completed the first phase of the design. By empowering the local community and encouraging agency, they will take responsibility for the project going forward and train others in the community to ensure its completion when the funds become available, ultimately providing the Msalato community with a beautiful, natural space that not only combats climate change but also includes health and nutrition to their people.(1)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Reports have not been issued as of yet as the intervention is still ongoing, therefore indicators have not been found.
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
The project kicked off in February 2020, but the Covid-19 pandemic brought about some unforeseen challenges and delays to the project's inception. With ongoing uncertainty, ICLEI Africa and the implementation team adapted their initial approach in order to get the project moving. Through correspondence with the Dodoma City Council, via letters and emails, the team made a request for a shortlist of possible sites for the project. (1)
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. ICLEI (no date), Community garden paves new foodway for Dodoma in Tanzania, available at https://cbc.iclei.org/community-garden-paves-new-food-way-for-dodoma-in-tanzania/ (accessed 16-04-2022)
2. Permaculture Principles (no date), main website, available at https://permacultureprinciples.com (accessed 16-04-2022)
3. Facebook (2021), Nipe Fagio page, available at https://sw-ke.facebook.com/hashtag/icleitz?source=feed_text&epa=HASHTAG (accessed 16-04-2022)
4. Dodoma Municipality (2019), Dodoma National Capital City Master Plan 2019-2039 Main Report, available at https://www.academia.edu/42355381/Dodoma_National_Capital_City_Master_Plan_2019_2039_Main_Report (accessed 16-04-2022)
5. ICLEI (2020), Integrated subnational action for biodiversity: Supporting implementation of National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans through the mainstreaming of biodiversity objectives across city-regions (brochure), available at https://interactbio.iclei.org (accessed 16-04-2022)
6. Darnton, J. (2012). Foodways: When food meets culture and history. [online] MSU Extension. Available at: https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/foodways_when_food_meets_culture_and_history. (accessed 16-04-2022)
Comments and notes
Additional insights
Only 2 other similar projects were developed in Tanzania, and they aim to address wider issues such as environmental degradation and climate change while emphasizing human well being and economic opportunities that come out of implementing regenerative agriculture through so-called "foodways".
Despite its growth, the inhabitants of Dodoma confront themselves with a number of issues that affect their quality of life (food security, increasing temperatures, drought and intense rain periods), the majority of which stem from climate changes.

According to the 4-H Folkpatterns series developed by the Michigan State University Museum and Michigan State University Extension 4-H Programs, Foodways are “all of the traditional activities, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors associated with the food in your daily life.
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