1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Göteborg (FUA)
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Stadsnära odling
Short description of the intervention
”Gothenburg is now greener and more beautiful. Urban farming is the name of the investment that Göteborgs Stads Fastighetskontor (The property office) makes to stimulate small-scale and residential/urban farming. The goal is to get new crops, crops in unconventional places, plants/farming that provide joy and help to spread knowledge and create contact between generations and people from different parts of the city and the world. But also to develop the already existing cultivation and colony areas.” (Ref. 1)
Address

multi-place intervention
Göteborg
Sweden

Location
The NBS is situated in an area, with clear delineation of boundaries and a specific shape (polygon). The NBS project can also have more than one area location (more than one polygon, situated close by).
Area boundary
POINT (11.94987 57.706748)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Google maps. Available at https://www.google.com/maps/place/Anders+Carlssons+gata+12b,+417+55+G%C3%B6teborg,+Sweden/@57.7066439,11.9494581,144m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x464ff35c62b27591:0x752a078561faa8d5!8m2!3d57.707746!4d11.9497721. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.

Note: The NBS is a multi-place intervention. The above co-ordinates and image indicate one of them.
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Previous derelict area
Public Greenspace Area
Central Business District / City Centre
Website of the intervention
https://stadsnaraodling.goteborg.se/
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2011
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2012
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Ongoing
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
A document containing guidelines for urban farming in public places and natural parks was established in 2011, from the Park and Nature Management office in Göteborg. The property office in Gothenburg was commissioned in 2011 to encourage and promote urban development in the city. (Ref. 2)
Goals of the intervention
The goals of the project include:
1. Promoting the city's green development, as well as increasing knowledge and cooperation with various actors around urban farming. (Ref. 2)
2. Efficient land use so that the residential parts of the city are close to green areas.
3. Opportunity for recreation, rehabilitation, urban farming, while promoting biodiversity in the city. (Ref. 2, 3)
Quantitative targets
The minimum size of a farming allotment must be 25 m2, and the Property office (Fastighetskontoret) allotments are 50 - 150 m2. (Ref. 4)
Monitoring indicators defined
Size of the allotment. (Ref 4)
Sustainability challenge(s) addressed
Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15)
Green space creation and/or management
Regeneration, land-use and urban development
Promote natural styles of landscape design for urban development
Social justice, cohesion and equity (SDG 10)
Social interaction
Health and well-being (SDG 3)
Creation of opportunities for recreation
Economic development and employment (SDG 8)
Economic development: agriculture
Sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12)
Sustainable production
Implementation activities
The project presents around 15 new gardens/urban farming areas on their website, which have been supported by Urban Farming (Stadsnära odling). Activities such as transforming a sheep garden into woodland for farming is one example situated on the outskirts of the residential areas of Hisingsparken, the new cultivation area is nestled among horticulture and forests adapted to nature. (Ref. 2 and 5)

Another example is Biskopsgårdens farmers association (in the district of Biskopsgården). A where a piece of surface has been used for farming, and there are 16 farming plots in this area. (Ref. 2)
Type of NBS project
Creation of new green areas
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Community gardens and allotments
Allotments
Community gardens
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
Unknown
Vegetation Type
Grass
Shrubs
Garden beds
Amenities offered by the NBS
Cultural (museum, concert areas)
Educational and research amenities (nature protection centre, monitoring stations)
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Habitat and supporting services
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Recreation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Primary Beneficiaries
Local government/Municipality
Citizens or community groups
Food producers and cultivators (i.e. farmers, gardeners)
Young people and children
Governance
Governance arrangements
Co-governance with government and non-government actors
Non-government actors
Citizens or community groups
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project has been started by the property office in the city of Göteborg, the citizens/community groups form associations in order to start urban farming projects and apply for funding. (Ref. 2)
Key actors - initiating organization
Local government/municipality
Land owners
Public space owned by the city
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Citizens or community group
Land owners
Public space owned by the city
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Co-management/Joint management
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Urban cultivation/farming is mentioned in the Göteborg's City environment programme from 2013, which aims to achieve the 12 national environmental quality objectives through various sub-objectives (mentions both large-scale and small-scale urban farming). (Ref. 7) Guidelines for urban farming in public places and natural parks were established in 2011, and are in line with guidelines from the programme of the Park and Nature Management office in Göteborg. (Ref. 2)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
'The Green Strategy for a Dense and Green City' (Grönstrategi för en tät och grön Stad) mentions urban cultivation/farming. (Ref. 7)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
The city of Göteborg has as an aim that the municipality will have a varied landscape with preserved diversity of animals and plants. Several farming projects take place in Göteborg, amongst them is the project Urban Farming (Stadsnära odling). (Ref. 6)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
City specific green space strategy or plan
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Grants provided for the start-up of urban farming projects by the City Council. (Ref. 2)
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
No
Financing
Total cost
€500,000 - €2,000,000
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The property office (which initiated the project) has received 7 extra million kronor per year (700 000 EUR per year) to be able to work with urban farming, usually in cooperation with the park and nature management and with farmers associations. (Ref. 8)
Grants for small-scale and residential farming of up to 25,000 SEK (2500 EUR) can be granted upon application. (Ref. 2)
Source(s) of funding
Public local authority budget
Type of fund(s) used
Direct funding (grants, subsidies, or self-financed projects by private entities)
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Green densification model
Local stewardship model
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Public actor (e.g. municipality)
Citizens / local communities
Type of innovation
Social
Cultural innovation
Please specify social innovation
Guidelines created with aim to promote green meeting places and to promote biodiversity. (Ref. 2)

Recreational purposes for citizens. (Ref. 2)
Novelty level of the innovation
The innovation is copied/derived from previous initiative(s) with substantial adaptation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
In 2013, the’ Stadslandet’ project was carried out in the districts Angered and East Göteborg. The purpose has been to explore the conditions for green and climate-friendly business development with cultural and social sustainability between cities and countries. Stadslandet is now run as a permanent business in the city. (Ref. 9)
Replicability/Transferability
Ambiguous (e.g. multiple interpretations)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
There are currently several different cultivation/urban farming projects in the city of Göteborg, e.g. Green Production (Ref. 6, 9)
Impacts, benefits
Environmental impacts
Climate change
Reduced emissions
Green space and habitat
Increased green space area
Increased number of species present
Description of environmental benefits
1. The locally grown foods shorten the long production-consumption chain, which in turn reduces carbon emissions.
2. A total of 15 existing and a few upcoming farming areas increase the green space within the city.
3. A variety of vegetable production as well as the farms keeps the species diversity high. (Ref 8, 9, 10 and 11)
Economic impacts
Increase in agricultural production (for profit or not)
Generation of income from NBS
Description of economic benefits
1. The project investigates alternative economies and new business models as a way to establish relationships between producers and consumers and thereby create economic viability for locally produced food in the city and the surrounding area. (Ref 10 and 11)
Social and cultural impacts
Social justice and cohesion
Increased opportunities for social interaction
Increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces
Increased access to healthy/affordable food
Increased sustainability of agriculture practices
Education
Increased support for education and scientific research
Description of social and cultural benefits
1. The project provides lessons on food production.
2. It promotes sustainable agricultural practices and encourages locally grown food production.
3. The gardens are directly maintained by the locals increasing the opportunity to connect more with nature and at the same time provides a place for relaxation and community interaction. (Ref 8, 9 and 10)
Type of reported impacts
Achieved impacts
Indicators
Number of new gardens/urban farming areas, total food produced, number of gardeners or farmers. (Ref 7 and 8)
Environmental, social and economic impacts
Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15)
Health and well-being (SDG 3)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Voluntary work opportunities
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Improved access to green and/or blue spaces
Increased access to healthy food for humans and/or animals
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of November, 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
No evidence in public records
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Unknown
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown, but two studies have been conducted with regards to urban cultivation and the specific intervention, they analyze the project:
Averdal, R. (2014) Stadsodlingen som mötesplats – Odlingar på allmän platsmark i Göteborg som exempel. (Ref. 2)
Ramsauer, N (2015) Stadsodling, ur ett kommunalt perspektiv – en översiktlig genomgång av förvaltningars arbete med stadsodling, samt kopplingen mellan hållbar stadsutveckling och stadsodling. (Ref. 7)
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Web links relevant to the intervention
Ref. 1
Ref. 2
Ref. 3
Ref. 4
Ref. 5
Ref. 6
Ref. 7
Ref. 8
Ref. 9
List of references
Ref. 1. Göteborgs Stad (n.d.) Stadsnära odling. Goda exempel på miljöarbetet i staden. Göteborgs stad. Available at https://goteborg.se/wps/portal/start/miljo/det-gor-goteborgs-stad/goda-exempel-pa-miljoarbete/!ut/p/z1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8ziAwy9Ai2cDB0N_N0t3Qw8Q7wD3Py8ffwd_Yz0wwkpiAJKG-AAjgb6BbmhigDZcFKk/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/#htoc-35. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 2. Averdal, R. (2014) Stadodlingar som mötesplats - odlingar på allmän platsmark i Göteborg som exempel. Swedish university of agricultural sciences. Alnarp. Available at https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/7436/1/averdal_r_140930.pdf. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 3. Goteborg.com (n.d.) Urban farming. Available at https://www.goteborg.com/en/urban-farming-in-gothenburg/. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 4. Göteborgs Stad (2011) Riktlinjer för stadsnära odling på allmän platsmark och naturmark. Park och natur, Göteborgs stad. Available at https://goteborg.se/wps/wcm/connect/729e0fa2-1f5f-4466-8af6-700eefc9572a/stadsnara_odling_lagupplost.pdf?MOD=AJPERES. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 5. Green City Growers (n.d.) URBAN FARMING IN GOTHENBURG. Available at https://greencitygrowers.com/blog/urban-farming-in-gothenburg/. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 6. Göteborgs Stad (n.d.) Odlingsprojekt i staden. Växter och djur, Miljöläget i Göteborg. Available at https://goteborg.se/wps/portal/start/miljo/miljolaget-i-goteborg/vaxter-och-djur/!ut/p/z1/hY5NC4JAGIR_jdd938XPum2BkUoaBNpeQmNbBXVl3Vro12fHoGhuwzzDDHCogI_1o5O16dRY94s_8-BS0OQYbSjDfLeKcX9Ki_iQZvk286H8B_Alxh9iCAnwrhmIvQ4ECUVKXQxcH70QPQzC9z4bGzeSwLW4CS00uevlVmvMNK8ddNBaS6RSshdkFg5-a7RqNlB9gDAN1TMTJXsBKU7ERw!!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/#htoc-11. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 7. Ramsauer, N. (2015) Stadsodling ur ett kommunalt perspektiv - en översiktlig genomgång av förvaltningars arbete med stadsodling, samt kopplingen mellan hållbar stadsutveckling och stadsodling. Swedish university of agricultural sciences. Alnarp. Available at https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/8426/11/ramsauer_n_150916.pdf. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 8. KAJODLINGEN (n.d.) KAJODLINGEN. Available at https://www.kajodlingen.se/english. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 9. Wikipedia (2020) Stadsnära odling i Göteborg. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref 10. Goteborg Stads (2020) Cultivation close to the city. Available at https://stadsnaraodling.goteborg.se/. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref 11. Mistra Urban Futures (n.d.) Green Production - Grow food and jobs in the city. Available at https://www.mistraurbanfutures.org/sv/projekt/gron-produktion-odla-mat-och-jobb-i-staden. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref 12. Our Gothenburg (2019) Higab tests urban cultivation Available at https://vartgoteborg.se/miljo-o-kretslopp/higab-testar-stadsodling/. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Comments and notes
Public Images
Brunnsbo Garden Collective
Brunnsbo Garden Collective
Paula Palm, retrieved 08/29/2018 from https://www.facebook.com/brunnsbotradgardskollektiv/
Jubilee Growers
Jubilee Growers
Paula Palm, retrieved 08/29/2018 from https://hojdenstradgardskollektiv.wordpress.com/
Urban farming at Larjean
Gothernburg City Council
https://stadsnaraodling.goteborg.se/vara-projekt/