1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Muanda
Region
Africa
Short description of the intervention
The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s coastal zone stretches 40 km and comprises the towns of Muanda, Banana and Nsiamfumu. The problem of coastal erosion has intensified since 1980 with the significant retreat of the coast in the Banana-Muanda segment, this retreat has been estimated as much as 2,300 meters. According to the report of the second national communication on climate change (2010), the Democratic Republic of Congo’s coastal zone, with a coastline of about 40km, is facing coastal erosion due to a combined effect of topography, sandy nature of the soil and ocean dynamics (height and direction of the swell, tide height, current velocity, storms etc.). With the rate of shoreline retreat that is likely, it is expected that the road between Banana-Muanda will be completely lost between 2050 and 2100. The proportion of lands lost to encroaching sea will double (200 m around Nsiamfumu and 100 m between Muanda city and Banana). In total, DRC can expect to see the reach of its coastal zone reduced from 50-100 m by 2100. To respond to some of these complex challenges the Department of Environment, Nature Conservation and Tourism, Democratic Republic of Congo implemented the present intervention partnering with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). (1,2)
Address

Muanda
Congo - Kinshasa

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2013
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2015
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The different national reports on coastal vulnerability (NAPA, SNC and Programme on Coastal Erosion) clearly indicate that land, biodiversity socio-economic infrastructure and community livelihood will be seriously affected by coastal erosion caused, as in a domino effect, by climate change. As such, more precisely, the goals of the intervention are:
1. To address the root causes of information gaps, lack of technical knowledge to effectively support communities to identify, plan, design and implement adaptation options.
2. To integrate climate risks information into relevant planning policies through the mapping of climate change-induced coastal erosion risk profiles.
3. To disseminate knowledge and to design an effective communication strategy to enhance understanding of climate change risks in the coastal zone, associated adaptation options costs/benefits, supporting policy planning policy process and sharing results and lessons generated from interventions made through this initiative.
4. To support the development of an Early Warning System (EWS) of coastal risk for local coastal communities.
5. To implement a menu of “soft” (re-vegetation, land planning, etc.) and “hard” adaptation measures (composite beach revetments, offshore breakwater, etc.) to stabilize cliffs, secure the operations of docking and unloading of fishing and minimise losses: regulation of mangrove development through the enhancement of mangrove area to enhance the capacity of coast to absorb increased wave/storm energy.
6. To promote environmental sustainability and gender equality with particular attention given to protecting coastal biodiversity and consider women involvement in the choice of climate-resilient options, in policy negotiation and implementation of adaptation activities. (1,2,3,4)
Quantitative targets
Involving 10 Youth and Womens’ Association in Muanda focused on developing alternative climate resilient livelihood opportunities to remove pressure on mangroves and coastal resources.
Targeting 15% of the population in target sites (Muanda city, Banana, and Nsiamfumu) to increase knowledge of risks management measures such as early warning system, coastal infrastructures, alternative livelihoods, and long term adaptation planning & budgeting system
Involving at leats least 10,000 people (among them 30% women) targeting approx. 67,000 people (population of sites involved)
Planting a billion trees by 2023 to restore three million hectares,
Saving one million hectares of primary forests and conserving ten million hectares of carbon vaults like mangroves, peatlands and dense forests.
(1,2,3,4)
Monitoring indicators defined
No of people involved
Percentages of women benefiting from the intervention
No of trees planned for planting
Area size where intervention is implemented including a larger location (1,2,3,4)
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
It should be noted that, in addition to coastal infrastructure, UNDP has also rehabilitated the local administration office of the village of Nsiamfumu. In addition, UNDP responded to the population's demand by financing the construction of a modern market right next to the administrative building. This market will facilitate the sale of fishery products and many other commodities to meet the needs of the growing population of Nsiamfumu. Two anti-erosion feasibility studies were carried out: (1) for the construction of a boat landing stage (wharf) at Nsiamfufu; (2) and for cliff stabilization between Nsiamfumu and Muanda village . Management committees, participation of women was ensured, and it was established and train to supervise protection activities and maintain coastal defences infrastructures after construction. (1,2,6)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Coastlines
Coastal wetland, mangroves and salt marshes
Community gardens and allotments
Horticulture
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
Seeds have been distributed to 3048 households to develop market gardens (2)
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown no but the by 2023 the plan is to plant 1 bn trees including mangroves (4)
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Regulating services
Coastal protection
Carbon storage/sequestration
Flood regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Please specify other local relevant strategy
The National Action Plan for the sustainable management of marine and coastal environmental resources (PAN) as well as the National Programme to fight coastal erosion. (2,3)
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The Department of Environment, Nature Conservation and Tourism, Democratic Republic of Congo is the leading institution with funding from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). At a local level, some volunteering organisations are involved as well. (1) The Ministry of Environment (MEN) will be the executing agency and take overall responsibility for the project. Under its Directorate of Sustainable Development, MEN already has experience executing the GEF –UNDP LDCF project on the Agriculture Sector and is also the overall agency responsible for the National Adaptation Programme. The MEN is hosting the National Committee in charge of the Marine and Coastal Environment. MEN will also be responsible for involving Local Government, Government Agencies, Private Sector and Civil Society, according to their mandate, on the implementation of project components. (3)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
National government
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Multilateral organisation
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
The intervention took into account the following national strategies:
1. The Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy Paper (PRGSP) for the 2011-2015
2. The National Action Plan for the sustainable management of marine and coastal environmental resources (PAN) as well as the National Programme to fight coastal erosion. (2,3)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Sources mention that at the local level there are Local Adaptation Plans and the project also address straightening the capacity of local authorities to respond to climate issues. (1,3)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
The National Action Plan for the sustainable management of marine and coastal environmental resources (PAN) as well as the National Programme to fight coastal erosion. (2,3)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Dialogues are engaged between the Commission and Universities (e.g. Postgraduate School on tropical forests and lands planning and integrated management (ERAIFT), Faculties of Science and Law at the University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Research Centre for Nuclear
Studies Kinshasa (CREAN-K), etc.) to open channel of oceanographic studies. The Commission led the development of the Coastal Area Profile and the National Programme on Coastal Erosion. A network of national expertise is established (soil Engineers, urban development specialists, geo-technicians, environmentalist, etc.), to support the Commission works. (3)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Co-governance arrangement
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Financing Amount: $5,863,725 = 5,070,279.83 Euros
Co-Financing Total: $16,500,000 = 14,267,315.94 Euros (Currency exchange rate as of 29.10.2021, Source: https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=16500000&From=USD&To=EUR) (1)
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Please specify technological innovation
The intervention will implement an early warning system - lives and livelihoods protected with the establishment of a reliable EWS and investment in coastal defence infrastructures therefore an investment in the protection and surveillance of the coastal zone against climate risks. (2,3)
Please specify social innovation
From a policy point of view, the transformational initiatives of Bas Congo policies include instruments to secure investment and financial flows from governmental and non-governmental actors and agencies for the implementation of priority integrated climate and sustainable development activities. (2,3)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
UNDP has been involved in similar interventions along the coastlines of several global countries, for example Haiti,
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
It was not mentioned that the project will have a replicability scope.
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Midterm reports regarding the intervention have been resealed and they cite the following environmental benefits:
-The proposed adaptation investments (beach revetments) will reduce the severity of the erosion impact on communities;
-Coastal infrastructure is expected to increase the resilience of DRC mangrove ecosystem, contribute to better conservation of marine resources, and help preserve the carbon sequestration value of these ecosystems (2)
-The intervention also contributed to a reduction in biodiversity loss through the protection of the fish populations by engaging humans in gaining their livelihood through different means.
-An increase in green areas through market gardens was also visible: the project conducted training and distribution of improved resilient seeds to about 3048 households. Several heads of households who were previously only engaged in fishing and their wives have adopted this practice at and outside the project sites, as the ocean is producing fewer fish than in the past. (3) It was also mentioned that from a planting point of view, 40 per cent of the target complete. (3) For a comprehensive list on results, please check reference no. 3.
Description of economic benefits
Income-generating activities (poultry, vegetables and legumes plots supported in the four project sites (Muanda, Banana, and 2 villages) are making those communities become more resilient to the impacts of climate change in this region. (2)
Description of social and cultural benefits
Women’s Associations will be also supported to promote the use of fuel-efficient stoves to reduce wood consumption and pressure on mangroves, to realize mangrove replantation activities for the restoration of the ecosystem and to provide protection from flooding/SLR, and increase ecosystem goods and services such as aquatic resources.(2, 3)

Five resilience practices have been adopted by a total of 1,500 members of supported associations :
1. The preservation of mangroves by using improved stoves for households;
2. Increased resilient pisciculture for youth and women's associations;
3. Improved seeds for market gardening were provided;
4. Support for communities through the distribution of goats and chickens; and
5. Implementation of a market, a drying area for fish and a dock. (3)
Projects disseminate information using various channels: the PANA website http://www.pana.cd, information bulletins PANA Info information bulletins Echo de PANA-ZC, local radio stations, fixed display panels, Facebook/PANA Coastal Zone, WhatsApp/PANA Coastal Zone, flyers, banners, information panels (1)
About 7,142 people, of whom 3,482 are women, i.e. 71.42 per cent of the project target, are aware of the effects of climate change.
All strata of communities, political and administrative authorities, institutions, private companies and civil society are aware of the impacts of climate change on vulnerabilities and know how to adapt to the palpable consequences of climate change in Muanda. (3)
Regarding the increase in community safety, a warning system was planned for implementation. The system is not operational as of yet, but capacity building and training of meteorological services are underway to allow them to analyse data and in the future disseminate early warnings to communities. (3)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Number of households impacted
Number of people benefiting from the intervention (1,2,3,4)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of 29.10.2021 - there was no mention of the effects of Covid on the implementation stages of the intervention.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
Yes
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Yes
Please specify
Consultation processes are established to allow all segments of the population (including youth, women and Pygmies) to take part in the
management of public affairs through consultation frameworks in place, Through this process, a budget management system is also implemented with the tools tailored to this scale for a sound and transparent management of resources mobilized. Financial public reform is underway at Provincial level and about 100 provincial technical staffs and parliamentarians were trained in Bas Congo and Kasaï oriental (Mbuji-Mayi) to better understand the process of preparing the investment budget. This allowed the analysis and strengthening of the public investment programming system in the province of Bas-Congo and the establishment of local consultation mechanisms on public investment procedures. (2)
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
Attachment Size
2019 Report .pdf (285.34 KB) 285.34 KB
List of references
1. UNDP (no date), Building resilience of Muanda’s communities from coastal erosion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, available at https://www.adaptation-undp.org/projects/ldcf2-drc (accessed 29-10-2021)
2. GEF (no date), Resilience of Muanda’s communities from coastal erosion, Democratic Republic of Congo, available at https://www.globalsupportprogramme.org/sites/default/files/downloads/drc-ldcf_pif.pdf (accessed 29-10-2021)
3. GEF (no date), Resilience of Muanda’s Communities from Coastal Erosion, Democratic Republic of Congo (reports' page), available at https://www.thegef.org/project/resilience-muanda-s-communities-coastal-erosion-democratic-republic-congo (accessed 29-10-2021)
4. IW: Learn (2019), Enhancing Climate Resilience of Three Coastal Communities in the Democratic Republic of Congo, available at https://news.iwlearn.net/enhancing-climate-resilience-of-three-coastal-communities-in-the-democratic-republic-of-congo (accessed 29-10-2021)
5. ADIAC-Congo (2021), Moanda, Kongo central : le phénomène « déplacé climatique » devrait croître dans les années à venir, available at https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/moanda-kongo-central-le-phenomene-deplace-climatique-devrait-croitre-dans-les-annees-venir (accessed 29-10-2021)
6. Eco Verts (2020), Environnement : le PNUD vole au secours de la zone côtière de Muanda, available at https://eco-vertes.info/environnement-le-pnud-vole-au-secours-de-la-zone-cotiere-de-moanda/ (accessed 29-10-2021)
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Photo 1
Climate change effects
https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/moanda-kongo-central-le-phenomene-deplace-climatique-devrait-croitre-dans-les-annees-venir
Image
Photo 2
Renovated areas
https://eco-vertes.info/environnement-le-pnud-vole-au-secours-de-la-zone-cotiere-de-moanda/
Image
Photo 4
mangroves importance
https://www.thegef.org/news/best-both-worlds-embracing-environmental-protection-pursuit-prosperity-democratic-republic
Image
Photo 5
Sustainable living
https://www.thegef.org/news/best-both-worlds-embracing-environmental-protection-pursuit-prosperity-democratic-republic