1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Phoenix (FUA)
Region
Northern America
Short description of the intervention
Civic Space Park, located in the heart of Phoenix, Arizona, is a notable example of urban design aimed at addressing the region’s increasing urban heat. In Phoenix, rising temperatures affect health, safety, comfort, and economic growth, and this impact is expected to worsen over time. In response, the park was developed to transform an underused site into a vibrant public space that prioritizes community engagement, sustainability, and urban revitalization.
The project was realized through a public-private partnership between the City of Phoenix and Arizona State University, with strong community involvement shaping its development. This collaboration led to the “Urban Weave” concept, a design that embodies the identity and values of the local community.
Civic Space Park was designed with several goals in mind. Increasing the tree canopy was essential to help reduce the urban heat island effect and improve air quality. Creating a welcoming area for social interaction, recreation, and relaxation was equally important to enhance community well-being. Water conservation was also prioritized, achieved through innovative stormwater management techniques such as permeable paving and underground infiltration. The park incorporates renewable energy generation as well, with on-site solar power helping to reduce energy consumption.
One of the park’s unique features is its extensive use of pervious concrete paving, designed to allow stormwater to permeate directly into the subsurface. However, during installation, it became clear that placing the material over highly compacted soil limited water infiltration. To improve its effectiveness, future designs could include a plastic vapor barrier beneath the permeable paving to capture water and direct it to planting beds. This adjustment would enable the paving to act as a collection and storage system, gradually releasing water into the surrounding vegetation.
(1-6)
Implementation area characterization
Address

424 N Central Ave
Phoenix , 85004
United States

Area boundary (map-based)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Source 1: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Civic+Space+Park/@33.4534567,-112.0757195,346m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x872b122320732fbb:0x814f5b589b3c3dd6!8m2!3d33.4533534!4d-112.0746514!16s%2Fm%2F0b769xb?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MTEwNi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
Source 2: https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/phoenix-civic-space-park#lessons-learned
Total area
11209.00m²
NBS area
11209.00m²
Area description
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2006
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
unknown
End date of the intervention
2009
Present stage of the intervention
Objectives of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
1. To create a vibrant public space by developing a central gathering place for the community to enhance social interaction, recreation, a sense of belonging and address community disengagement
2. To mitigate urban heat island effects by reducing air and surface temperatures through the use of shade trees, permeable paving, and green spaces
3. To improve air quality by increasing vegetation cover and reducing reliance on fossil fuels for cooling
4. To manage stormwater runoff by implementing sustainable stormwater management practices to reduce the burden on the city's drainage system
5. To promote sustainable design by incorporating renewable energy sources and energy-efficient technologies into the park's infrastructure
6. To enhance the local economy by stimulating economic activity through increased foot traffic and support for local businesses
7. To promote a better landscape design and construction by creating a shaded urban oasis with permeable paving and drought-tolerant vegetation
8. To involve the local community throughout the designing stages of the project (1-6)
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Please specify "other Climate change mitigation activity"
incorporating renewable energy sources and energy-efficient technologies into the park's infrastructure (1-6).
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities and NBS focus
Implementation activities
The design of Civic Space Park aimed to address a lack of green space in the city, the urban heat island effect, a lack of community engagement and improvement of a previous blighted urban area. The project involved several implementation activities:

1. Park design and construction: The project involved the design and construction of a 1.09 hectare urban park, including extensive lawns, shaded areas, performance venues, and a restored historic building (1-6).
2. Sustainable design features: The park incorporates sustainable elements such as shade structures that generate solar power, a water wall that helps cool the surrounding air, underground retention tanks to manage stormwater runoff, energy-efficient lighting, and extensive tree planting of 111 trees using specially engineered soils to foster plant health creating shade for over 70 percent of the park (1-3).
3. Community engagement: The project involved extensive community engagement throughout the design and development process, including public meetings, surveys, and design charrettes to create the 'Urban Weave' concept (1, 5-6).
4. Public amenities: The park offers a variety of public amenities, including a landmark art installation, splash pad, covered stage, and spaces for civic, educational, and social gatherings (1-6).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Green areas for water management
Sustainable urban drainage systems
Parks and urban forests
Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces
Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS
nighttime lighting show, an art installation, titled, “Her Secret is Patience," and an interactive water feature for children (2-3).
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Water purification / filtration
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Inspiration for culture, art and design
Recreation
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Demographics in implementation area
Surrounding Civic Space Park are dense urban communities that have varying degrees of age groups, income levels, ethnicity or household sizes. South of the project area is a major employment center (Downtown Phoenix) with skyscrapers and landmark buildings and access to central station (6). To the east of the project area is the ASU downtown phoenix campus where younger students are the most common age group (6). North of the park are numerous retail locations with limited housing opportunities (6). Additionally north of the park is a historic building repurposed for low-income housing for seniors (6). Almost 60 percent of the population is within the ages of 15-19 years while around 22 percent are between 20-34 (7). 35 percent of the population falls within minority groups: Hispanic, Black and Asian (7). Over 90 percent of the households in the area are non-family households with a median income ranging between 9073.85 - 9073.85 Euro (7).
Socio-economic profile of the area
Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts
Yes
Specification of climate or environmentally vulnerable communities
Non-government actors
Researchers, university
Specify primary beneficiaries
Citizens or community groups: "During the community engagement process, various groups expressed the desire to have to have a true "civic space" that would bring together the intersecting and overlapping needs of various users" (6).
Young people and children: The park is located directly adjacent to the ASU campus where thousands of students walk through the park and the splash pad was built for children (6).
Marginalized groups: "Phoenix is the hottest metropolitan area in the country. Rising urban heat affects us all, but underserved communities are impacted the most. On some days, there are neighborhoods that are as much as 13 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than others. The hottest neighborhoods also have the least number of trees and the highest child poverty" (8).
Measures for inclusion of marginalised groups
The park design concept weaves together an urban fabric that connected the university, neighborhoods, and a variety of visitors (6). The park location was chosen close to the central station so that it was easily accessible for all members of the community (6).
Governance
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The Civic Space Park project was characterized by a collaborative governance model (1, 6). The City of Phoenix took the lead, but close partnerships with Arizona State University, community groups, and design professionals were essential for the project's success (1, 6). Public input was actively sought through workshops and meetings, ensuring the park aligned with community needs and aspirations (1, 6).
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Citizens or community group
Researchers/university
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Level of citizen and community engagement
Uncommon actors ("Missing actors")
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Phoenix Parks and Preserves Initiative & Parks and Open Space Bond Program (6)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers & Barriers
Please provide details (e.g, name of the plan or strategy) for the selected policies or initiatives.
Phoenix Parks and Preserves Initiative & Parks and Open Space Bond Program (6)
Barriers
-The Light Rail tracks create a barrier making it difficult for pedestrians to gain access to the park (6)
-Adhering to historic preservation guidelines and new development demands (6)
-Achieving the 'urban fabric' with having to consider many different perspectives and ideas (6)
Financing
Please specify total cost (EUR)
30,359,605.20 EUR (4)
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
30,359,605.20 EUR (4)
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Type of non-financial contribution
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-governance arrangement
Entrepreneurship opportunities
No
Business models
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Lowered local temperature: "Reduces air temperatures in the park by an average of 1.8°F compared to a typical urban landscape. Trees and shade structures lower mid-day surface temperatures by 12.4°F in turf areas and 23.4°F in hardscape areas" (1).
Increased green space area: "Civic space park is nestled into a 2.77 acre site in the heart of Downtown Phoenix, Arizona" (6).
Restoration of derelict areas: "The 2.77-acre site sits in the heart of a downtown district that was underdeveloped and pocketed with blight" (4).
Improved stormwater management: "All stormwater runoff is collected on-site and infiltrated in 128 subsurface infiltration chambers with a total capacity of 9,587 cu ft" (1).
Increased conversion of degraded land or soil: "The 31 trees installed in hardscape areas were planted in structural soil to expand the effective root zone. The structural soil extends approximately 4 ft from the root ball in each direction" (1).
Increased number of species present: "The park includes 111 new trees selected for drought tolerance" and "Native desert plants, which require minimal watering, are used extensively in landscaping, promoting water efficiency and ecological preservation" (1, 5).
Environmental impact indicators
Total number of vascular plant species protected or introduced
111 new trees (1)
Green space area created (in ha)
1.12
Water retention capacity (m³ or %)
271.84 (1)
Air cooling (°C)
1.8 (1)
Description of economic benefits
1. Stimulate development in deprived areas: "Civic Space Park addresses many significant urban issues including: downtown revitalization, public education, blight, community development, shade, sustainability, historic preservation, pedestrian access, public enhancements and more" (6).
Social and cultural impact indicators
Surface area of accessible green spaces (in ha)
1.12
Total area of recreational green space created or restored (in ha)
1.12
Number of participants in outdoor activities or exercise programs in green spaces
Attracts an average of 559 visitors on a weekday morning in the low summer season. Of these, 63% engaged in optional activities and 12% also engaged in social activities (1)
Number of community events, gatherings, or volunteer activities organized in green spaces
Hosts an average of 43 free public events per year, including movie screenings, concerts, art galleries, and wellness events like community yoga (1)
Description of social and cultural benefits
1. Improved social cohesion: "The park weaves together and serves a diverse and growing population of students, low-income seniors, residents of downtown, workers in the major employment center of downtown Phoenix, and visitors to downtown Phoenix" (6).
2. Improved access to urban green space: "Civic Space Park is easily accessible to pedestrians, cyclists, and public transit users. It is located near light rail and bus stops, encouraging sustainable transportation options. The park’s central location in downtown Phoenix makes it a convenient meeting place and a catalyst for urban revitalization" (5).
3. Increased opportunities for social interaction: "The park serves as a hub for community engagement and social gatherings. It hosts a wide range of events, including concerts, festivals, yoga classes, and movie screenings. The open-air amphitheater provides a versatile space for performances and cultural activities, fostering a sense of unity and belonging among residents" (5).
4. Gain in activities for recreation and exercise: "The park promotes recreation and leisure, providing a turf landscape in the southwest corner of the park with pedestrian-scale retaining walls, game tables, benches, and densely spaced shade trees" (3).
5. Enhanced cognitive restoration, relaxation and stress relief: "A 2.2 million world-class "floating sculpture" designed by Janet Echelman titled 'Her Secret is Patience" asks visitors to stop and reflect during the day and night" (6).
6. Protection of historic and cultural landscape / infrastructure: "The $34 million park features extensive lawns, shaded areas, performance venues, and a restored historic building with spaces for civic, educational, and social meetings." (4)
Mental health benefits
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Cost-benefit analysis
Unknown
Justice
Description of locals satisfaction with the project
Feedback from the community members:

-"There is a new pride in our downtown through the design and activation of this park space" (6).
-"The Civic Space Park has made downtown Phoenix a better place to live and work" (6).
"The Civic Space Park has increasingly become a crossroads where community members, students, and visitors find common ground" (6).
Trade-offs & Negative impacts
Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement
High-quality & Transformative NBS
Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community)
Yes
Goal setting and impacts delivery
No, although benefits were delivered in all the 3 key areas, but in the planning phase, the project did not aim to address issues in all the 3 key priority areas.
Reaching original project goals
Please specify the achievements of the project goals
Climate action:
Lowered local temperature: "Reduces air temperatures in the park by an average of 1.8°F compared to a typical urban landscape. Trees and shade structures lower mid-day surface temperatures by 12.4°F in turf areas and 23.4°F in hardscape areas" (1).
Increased green space area: "Civic space park is nestled into a 2.77 acre site in the heart of Downtown Phoenix, Arizona" (6).
Restoration of derelict areas: "The 2.77-acre site sits in the heart of a downtown district that was underdeveloped and pocketed with blight" (4).
Improved stormwater management: "All stormwater runoff is collected on-site and infiltrated in 128 subsurface infiltration chambers with a total capacity of 9,587 cu ft" (1).
Increased conversion of degraded land or soil: "The 31 trees installed in hardscape areas were planted in structural soil to expand the effective root zone. The structural soil extends approximately 4 ft from the root ball in each direction" (1).
Increased number of species present: "The park includes 111 new trees selected for drought tolerance" and "Native desert plants, which require minimal watering, are used extensively in landscaping, promoting water efficiency and ecological preservation" (1, 5).
Social justice and community:
1. Improved social cohesion: "The park weaves together and serves a diverse and growing population of students, low-income seniors, residents of downtown, workers in the major employment center of downtown Phoenix, and visitors to downtown Phoenix" (6).
2. Improved access to urban green space: "Civic Space Park is easily accessible to pedestrians, cyclists, and public transit users. It is located near light rail and bus stops, encouraging sustainable transportation options. The park’s central location in downtown Phoenix makes it a convenient meeting place and a catalyst for urban revitalization" (5).
3. Increased opportunities for social interaction: "The park serves as a hub for community engagement and social gatherings. It hosts a wide range of events, including concerts, festivals, yoga classes, and movie screenings. The open-air amphitheater provides a versatile space for performances and cultural activities, fostering a sense of unity and belonging among residents" (5).
4. Gain in activities for recreation and exercise: "The park promotes recreation and leisure, providing a turf landscape in the southwest corner of the park with pedestrian-scale retaining walls, game tables, benches, and densely spaced shade trees" (3).
5. Enhanced cognitive restoration, relaxation and stress relief: "A 2.2 million world-class "floating sculpture" designed by Janet Echelman titled 'Her Secret is Patience" asks visitors to stop and reflect during the day and night" (6).
6. Protection of historic and cultural landscape / infrastructure: "The $34 million park features extensive lawns, shaded areas, performance venues, and a restored historic building with spaces for civic, educational, and social meetings." (4)
Long-term perspective
Yes
Cost-effective solutions
Unknown
Perception of Environmental Change
Unknown
References
1.
Martin, C., Colter, K., and Hicks, J. (2014). Phoenix Civic Space Park. Landscape Architecture Foundation, [Source link] [Archive];
2.
City of Phoenix (n.d.). Civic Space Park. [Source link] [Archive];
3.
Arizona State University (2018). Phoenix, Arizona: Civic Space Park. [Source link] [Archive];
4.
Bruner Foundation, INC. (n.d.). A new downtown public space uniting a university and the community. [Source link] [Archive];
5.
The Ferragut Law Firm (n.d.). Civic Space Park: A Vibrant Urban Oasis in Phoenix, AZ. [Source link] [Archive];
6.
City of Phoenix & Arizona State University (2010). Civic Space Park . [Source link] [Archive];
7.
MAG - Arizona Demographics (n.d.). MAG - Arizona Demographics . [Source link] [Archive];
8.
The Nature Conservancy (2024). Addressing Heat and Air Quality in Phoenix. [Source link] [Archive];
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
An overview of Civic Space Park at night overlooking the sculpture, “Her Secret Is Patience”
Janet Echelman’s sculpture, “Her Secret Is Patience,” creates establishes Civic Space Park as an iconic downtown destination.
Craig Smith
Image
An overview of Civic Space Park connecting to transit hubs
The ‘Urban Weave’ concept works to engage nearby amenities, such as the Metro Light Rail, connecting the park to its downtown context.
Daniel Watts
Image
Phoenix Civic Space Park
Phoenix Civic Space Park
https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/phoenix-civic-space-park#lessons-learned
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Phoenix Civic Space Park
Phoenix Civic Space Park
https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/phoenix-civic-space-park#lessons-learned
Image
Phoenix Civic Space Park
Phoenix Civic Space Park
https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/phoenix-civic-space-park#lessons-learned
Image
Phoenix Civic Space Park
Phoenix Civic Space Park
https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/phoenix-civic-space-park#lessons-learned
Image
Phoenix Civic Space Park
Phoenix Civic Space Park
https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/phoenix-civic-space-park#lessons-learned
Image
Phoenix Civic Space Park
Phoenix Civic Space Park
https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/phoenix-civic-space-park#lessons-learned