1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Port Vila
Region
Australia and Oceania
Short description of the intervention
The Tagabe Riparian Corridor Regeneration Project is an integrated catchment project ‘designed to build resilience into the riparian system to safeguard human wellbeing in the face of current and future climate change challenges and key population/ resources demands’ (Ref. 4). The project is focused on the ‘riparian margins of mid to lower catchment streams in the Tagabe catchment’ (Ref. 4,5). Activities consist of ‘riparian revegetation and stream bank protection; sustainable land management of adjacent farmlands; and point source pollution prevention and remediation’ through a series of 5-year management periods (Ref. 4,5). The project was part of the larger PEBACC (Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change) project and is now supported by the Vanuatu Government and various other initiatives like the Pacific R2R – Ridge to Reef programme (Ref. 8,9).
Address

Port Vila
Vanuatu

Area boundary
POINT (168.28346 -17.700983)
POINT (168.348496 -17.731386)
POINT (168.380372 -17.681317)
POINT (168.339965 -17.675313)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Ref. 4, Ref. 5
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2017
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2019
End date of the intervention
2020
Present stage of the intervention
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
The intervention was initially designed through the PEBACC project finished in 2020, but the work is being continued by other actors (Ref. 8,9)
Goals of the intervention
The Tagabe Riparian Corridor Regeneration Project aims to ‘develop a resilient water catchment system that supports human wellbeing and the local economy through the protection and enhancement of ecological infrastructure capable of maximizing the delivery of provisioning services (food, freshwater, and raw materials such as wood & fibre), regulating services (prevention of disturbance such as flood, cyclone & drought regulation), supporting services (species maintenance, or biodiversity conservation) and cultural services for the Port Vila population’ (Ref. 5).

Specific aims of the project are (Ref. 5):
- ‘Protection and enhancement of woody vegetation along stream banks and on adjacent lands’;
- ‘Sustainable land management practices on adjacent lands delivering reduced sedimentation and reduced non-point source pollutants’;
- ‘Reduction/ elimination of point source pollutant delivery to streams’.
Quantitative targets
- 20% increase in riparian woody vegetation against baseline within 5 years of project start date (Ref. 5);
- 20% increase in agroforestry plantations against the baseline established on riparian lands within 5 years of project start date (Ref. 5);
- 20% reduction in fertilizer across 80% of riparian project management area within 5 years of project start date (Ref. 5);
- 40% reduction in cattle gaining direct access within 5 years of project start date (Ref. 5);
- 30% reduction in untreated point source pollution discharges against baseline within 5 years of project start date (Ref. 5).
Monitoring indicators defined
Increase in riparian woody vegetation; increase in agroforestry plantations; reduction in fertilizer; reduction in cattle gaining direct access; reduction in untreated point source pollution (Ref. 5)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
- Implementation plan developed in 2017 (Ref. 5);
- Conduct baseline studies, community consultations & develop a methodology (Ref. 4,5);
- Community education and public awareness as a key deliverable in community consultations and funder consultations (Ref. 5) – awareness campaigns for the project were launched in July 2019 to the following: Ifira Paramount Chief and Ifira Council of Chiefs; Tanvasoko Area Council and Blacksands Chiefs; the Chiefs of Sulphur Bay Smol and Sulphur Bay Big (Ref. 6);
- Restore vegetation along the banks & mouth of Tagabe River (Ref. 1,4) – via community training, tree nurseries establishment, fencing, and riparian plantings (Ref. 5) – Blacksands coastal community planting in 2019 (Ref. 6); Tagabe Bridge Community planting in 2020 (Ref. 7);
- Sustainable land management of adjacent farmlands (Ref. 4) – via community training, changed land management practices in targeted area (Ref. 5);
- Point source pollution prevention and remediation (Ref. 4) – via changed practices at target sites (Ref. 5);
- Conduct community-based project monitoring/ reporting (Ref. 5).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Riverbank/Lakeside greens
Blue infrastructure
Rivers/streams/canals/estuaries
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
3000 (Ref. 8)
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Raw materials
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Flood regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Tourism
Recreation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Please specify other local relevant strategy
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy; National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan; Vanuatu Forest Policy; National Oceans Policy (Ref. 4)
Governance
Non-government actors
Public sector institution (e.g. school or hospital)
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Researchers, university
Citizens or community groups
Coalition with multiple of the above
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
- Key members of the project steering group: Vanuatu Department of Forestry (Ref. 1,6), Department of Water (Ref. 6), Department of Environmental Conservation and Protection (Ref. 6), Shefa Provincial Government (Ref. 6), Ifira Marine Management (Ref. 6), and SPREP PEBACC project (Ref. 6).
- SPREP – Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (an inter-governmental organization/ agency) (Ref. 3,4,5,6).
- PEBACC – Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change project – a network that provides support for EbA policy, planning, and implementation (Ref. 3,4).
- German government funding through PEBACC project (Ref. 4,10).
- Ecosystem Services – a private consulting firm – developed and implemented a plan to restore vegetation along the banks and at the mouth of the Tagabe River (Ref. 1).
- Communities within the Tagabe River catchment (Ref. 1,4).
Key actors - initiating organization
Land owners
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
National government
Regional government
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Transnational network
Citizens or community group
Land owners
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy; National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan; Vanuatu Forest Policy; National Oceans Policy (Ref. 4)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Greater Port Vila Planning Scheme; Tagabe Water Management Area Management Plan; Efate Land Management Area land proposal (Ref. 5)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Unknown
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy; National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan; Vanuatu Forest Policy; National Oceans Policy (Ref. 4)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
PEBACC – Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change project – governments of Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu – project to ‘raise profile of EbA as low cost, appropriate response to building resilience in the Pacific’ (Ref. 3);
SPREP – Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (Ref. 3).
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Yes
Co-governance arrangement
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The total cost for all PEBACC projects was USD $5,410,000 (Ref. 10). It is unclear how much was attributed specifically to the Tagabe Riparian Regeneration project. There is a breakdown of the estimated/ proposed budget, but it is unclear if this was used in the actual budget:
- $NZ1 million- $1.2 million [600 500 EUR to 720 500 EUR, 1 NZD = 0.60 EUR] (Ref. 4);
- Personnel: Manager & Technical Staff ($80 000 to $110 000 p.a. for 5 years), Consultants ($190 000 for 5 year period), Auditor ($60 000 for 3 audits every 3 years);
- Overheads: Unknown, but with minimum of $20 000 p.a.;
- Core project development & support: approximately $20 000 p.a.;
- Materials: Fencing and water troughs ($100 000), Nursery & Plant Supply ($40 000).
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
The NBS has provided a science-based foundation for implementing ecosystem-based adaptation in Port Vila and has increased the engagement of various government departments and communities in river rehabilitation and revegetation efforts (Ref. 8)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Unknown
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Blacksands coastal communities ‘collected rubbish along a 150 metre stretch of river, filling 100 garbage bags with litter and separating large metal items for recycling’ and planted over 1800 plants (including vetiver grass, local chestnuts, avocado, mango, lemon, Natapoa, tamarind, sandalwood, Natangura (sago palm), Tamanu, Barringtonia, and She oak) in 2019 (Ref. 6). The people of Tagabe Bridge Community planted 180 seedlings (including pigeon pea, citrus, pandanus, custard apple, vetiver, and Natapoa) along the Tagabe River, near the laundry/washing area in January 2020 (Ref. 7). In total, over 3,000 trees, palms, and other plants have been planted (Ref. 8).
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
Greater community awareness & engagement through awareness campaigns in 17 communities (Ref. 6) and in community plantings (Ref. 7). 'The communities of Blacksands and Destination have been particularly involved in re-vegetating the coastline and the riparian zones (Ref. 8)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
# of plants/ seedlings planted (Ref. 6,7,8); # of bags filled with litter (Ref. 6); # of communities reached for awareness campaigns (Ref. 6).
Analysis of specific impact categories
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Some impediments to NBS activities in early 2020, but increased activity in June and July 2020 after Covid-19 restrictions were lifted allowing inter-island travel (Ref. 7,8)
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
Attachment Size
Ref. 3 (1.25 MB) 1.25 MB
Ref. 4 (6.36 MB) 6.36 MB
Ref. 5 (6.74 MB) 6.74 MB
Ref. 6 (2.43 MB) 2.43 MB
Ref. 7 (2.9 MB) 2.9 MB
Ref. 8 (2.98 MB) 2.98 MB
List of references
1. Ecosystem Services. (n.d.). Riparian Restoration: Tagabe River Project. Ecosystem Services. Available at: https://ecosystem-services.co.nz/riparian-restoration-project-tagabe-river-efate-vanuatu [Accessed: 15 September 2021].
2. SPREP. (2021). Project Publications and Reports. SPREP. Available at: https://www.sprep.org/pebacc/pebacc-esources [Accessed: 18 September 2021].
3. Blaschke, P.M. and Timmermans, H. (2018). Ecosystem-based adaptation in Port Vila, Vanuatu. Panel discussion on Front-Line Islands and Cities: building resilient island communities. ICLEI 9th Global Forum on Urban Resilience and Adaptation. Retrieved from: https://resilientcities2018.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/D1_Presentation_Blaschke_Timmermans.pdf [Document provided].
4. SPREP. (2018). Planning for ecosystem-based adaptation in Port Vila, Vanuatu: Synthesis report. Apia: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme. Retrieved from: https://www.sprep.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/eba-port-vila-vanuatu.pdf [Document provided].
5. Zari, M.B., Blaschke, P., Livesey, C., Martinez-Almoyna, C., Weaver, S., Archie, K.M., Jackson, B., Komugabe, A., Maxwell, D., Rastandeh, A., and Renwick, J. (2017). Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) Project Implementation Plans, Port Vila, Vanuatu. Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322804941_Ecosystem-based_Adaptation_EbA_Project_Implementation_Plans_Port_Vila_Vanuatu [Document provided].
6. PEBACC. (2019). Newsletter: Issue 8, December 2019. PEBACC. Retrieved from: https://www.sprep.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/PEBACC%20newsletter_DEC%202019-min.pdf [Document provided].
7. PEBACC. (2020). Newsletter: Issue 9, Jan-May 2020. PEBACC. Retrieved from: https://www.sprep.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/pebacc-newsletter-jan-may-2020.pdf [Document provided].
8. PEBACC. (2020). Newsletter: Issue 10, August 2020. PEBACC. Retrieved from: https://www.sprep.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/PEBACC_Newsletter_AUGUST-2020_0.pdf [Document provided].
9. Mangisi-Mafileo, I. (2020). Restoring Tagabe River, Now and Beyond. Pacific R2R – Ridge to Reef. Available at: https://www.pacific-r2r.org/news/restoring-tagabe-river-now-and-beyond [Accessed: 18 September 2021].
10. SPREP. (2021).Pacific Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Climate Change.SPREP. Available at: https://www.sprep.org/project/pacific-ecosystem-based-adaptation-climate-change [Accessed: 18 September 2021].
Comments and notes
Additional insights
‘Despite efforts by the PEBACC project to mobilise the river communities and relevant stakeholders to work together in restoring the riverbanks with livelihood plants and rid the river of material waste and invasive weeds, change is slow’ (Ref. 7).
Public Images
Image
Blacksand Bahai'i Community with Bags of Rubbish, followed by Planting of Vetiver and Native Plants
Blacksand Bahai'i Community with Bags of Rubbish, followed by Planting of Vetiver and Native Plants
Source: Ref. 6
Image
Irifa Paramount Chief, Ifira Council of Chiefs with Tagabe Riparian Restoration Project Steering Group
Irifa Paramount Chief, Ifira Council of Chiefs with Tagabe Riparian Restoration Project Steering Group
Source: Ref. 6
Image
Steering Committee Presenting Seedlings to Chiefs and Community Representative from Sulphur Bay Big and Sulphur Bay Smol
Source: Ref. 6