1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Royal City of Klang
Region
Asia
Short description of the intervention
The rehabilitation of the Klang River or Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) is a project that was put into effect in 2018 by the Selangor State Government. The project aimed to transform the Klang River, considered the most polluted river in Malaysia, into a beautiful and clean river which can be a new source of economic growth in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The river has been polluted with trash, plastic bottles, and sewage, which harmed the vegetation and the aquatic ecosystem (1). The project proved to be highly complex as it included rehabilitation of the river through several green solutions such as the creation of a community park, the conservation of various species of mangroves, and the implementation of riverfront greens as a measure of slope protection. The intervention is set to be developed on an area of 56 Km along the Klang River corridor. It is expected to promote and support the integrated management of river basins with particular emphasis on ensuring that biodiversity and wetland conservation and community considerations are incorporated into river basin management that includes the development of eco-city (3,5,6). Furthermore, the project intends to conduct an awareness campaign about river cleaning and rehabilitation activities to educate the public on the importance of rivers and the environment in our lives while consequently highlighting the critical state of pollution faced by the River (1).
Address

Malaysia

Area boundary
POINT (101.47239407428 3.0426355503723)
POINT (101.38833555394 3.0024623375724)
POINT (101.43622907808 3.0590313558009)
POINT (101.37468513929 3.0188815606785)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Selangor City. Available at https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Urban-Redevelopment.pdf (accessed o 04-04-2023).
Total area
4047000.00m²
NBS area
4047000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
River and riverside areas (1)
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2018
End date of the intervention
2022
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
As a complex project, the rehabilitation of the Klang River included various aims, the heart of which was raising the quality of life of the people living in the vicinity of the river. More precisely the goals were:
1. To improve water quality and restore the ecological balance concerning the sustainability of the riverine and marine resources.
2. To mitigate flood events and achieve tide control as they're causing irreversible environmental impacts.
3. To rehabilitate and beautify a 56km stretch along the Klang River corridor, to bring the river from its current quality to a suitable level for recreational usage by 2023 by implementing riverine vegetation and improving the slopes in the area.
4. To enhance the biodiversity of the area by creating 2 parks, 1 educational wetland, and 1 educational garden.
5. To enhance 70.76 acres of a Mangrove forest by increasing awareness of the natural mangrove swamps and preserving the existing mangrove environment.
6. To conduct an awareness campaign about river cleaning and rehabilitation, to educate the public on the importance of rivers and the environment in our lives while consequently highlighting the critical state of pollution faced by the Klang River. (1,2,3,5,6,8)
Quantitative targets
- To develop a Community River Park of 98 acres.
- To enhance the mangrove forest with 6 mangrove species: Lenggadai (Bruguiera parviflora), a nationally endangered mangrove tree from the family Rhizophoraceae; white mangrove; Bakau Kurap (Rhizophora mucronata); Bakau Minyak (Rhizophora apiculata); Tengar and Tumu Merah (Bruguiera Gymnorhiza).
- To develop Mangrove Point as the first biophilic nature park in Malaysia.
- To benefit 300,000 inhabitants. (3,6, 9,10)
Monitoring indicators defined
- Size area to be transformed into a park
- Number of species conserved
- Number of people impacted. (3,6, 9,10)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
For the Community River Park, the following actions have been carried out :
- educational gardens were integrated demonstrating natural water cleansing processes to gain knowledge regarding the methods that lead to awareness among the inhabitants.
- green buffer was integrated with nearby development to maintain the green concept as well as linear riverfront park but only with minimum impact approach for each housing area.
- children were connected with nature through a natural playground with educational signages, and an additional water play area equipped with changing rooms and toilets.
For the Mangrove Point, the following had been carried out:
- construction has been commenced on 15th August 2019 and completed by 2021
- a new river taxi stop for the public to enjoy a river cruise along the Klang River was constructed.
Light fixtures have been implemented to improve visibility and security, contributing to a significant reception in the night-time crime rate. LED panels have been installed along the Jambatan Kota to enhance visual quality and hence encourage more people to use the city at night. (2,3,6,9)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Rivers/streams/canals/estuaries
Coastal wetland, mangroves and salt marshes
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Riverbank/Lakeside greens
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Coastal protection
Carbon storage/sequestration
Flood regulation
Water purification / filtration
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Tourism
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The Selangor State Government spearheads the Klang River Project from its funding to its implementation. The work was executed through a private environmental company called, Landasan Lumayan Sdn Bhd (LSSB), under the purview of the Selangor state government. For awareness actions, the government was supported by the citizens of the city of Klang. (1,2)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Regional government
Citizens or community group
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
'Selangor as the Smart State by 2025' mission (1).
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Please specify other type of mandatory intervention
resources
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
'Selangor as the Smart State by 2025' mission (1).
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
mangrove
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
9.4 mil. EUR (11)
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The total cost has not been indicated however the green elements included 9.4 mils. EUR. (11)
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify technological innovation
An infrastructural method of innovation regarding slope stabilization (Riverbank Slope Protection mainly to sustain the slope rigidity) was introduced but no details were provided. (2)
Please specify social innovation
I'd argue the project also contained a social innovation as it put on the map the first mangrove forest in Malaysia that promotes a biophilic environment. (10)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The innovation is completely new for Malaysia. (10)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
There is no indication that the innovation will be transferred to other initiatives in Malaysia. (10)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
It was expected that the intervention will provide improvement in waste management as the river was cleared of garbage and plastic. In the last four years, the implementer has installed seven log booms and collected some 50,000 tonnes of debris along the Klang River. (11)
As such it has improved the water quality since the waterway’s Water Quality Index has much improved from Class 5 (contaminated) to Class 3 which is moderately good. (11)
It was also expected that the project will increase the protection against flooding by using a method of sustaining the slope rigidity and Riverbank Slope Protection. (2)
Furthermore, the project contributed to the conservation of six mangrove species that have been identified in the area as well as the development of a 98 acres park. These include the Lenggadai (Bruguiera parviflora), a nationally endangered mangrove tree from the family Rhizophoraceae; white mangrove; Bakau Kurap (Rhizophora mucronata); Bakau Minyak (Rhizophora apiculata); Tengar and Tumu Merah (Bruguiera Gymnorhiza). (10)
Description of economic benefits
The project created 6,600+ jobs and provided an economic increase of 4.7% (9). Furthermore, the project enhanced the socio-economic well-being of the Klang River fishermen communities, including new income opportunities (11). The project also built a new platform for the trade and tourism industry while featuring local crafts, artisans, and culture (4).
Description of social and cultural benefits
From the point of view of health and well-being, the project contributed to this goal by conserving the Mangrove Point which possesses a unique mangrove ecosystem with surrounding nature that stimulates the element of meditation, health, and well-being through a biophilic environment. Furthermore, a new river taxi stop for the public was opened along the river, to enjoy river cruises along the Klang River.
From an educational point of view, children were connected with nature through a natural playground with educational signages, and an additional water play area equipped with changing rooms and toilets.
There was also an increase in safety perception as Light fixtures have been implemented to improve visibility and security, contributing to a significant reception in night-time crime rate. LED panels have been installed along the Jambatan Kota to enhance visual quality and hence encourage more people to use the city at night.
Cultural heritage was also at the forefront of this project as it promoted the cultural Village & Retreat Resort with the purpose to reinforce the local historical values, and revitalizing the Klang Town heritage quarter as a new cultural and tourism destination. This zone has the highest potential for rejuvenation due to the presence of historic monuments and heritage buildings. (2,3,6,7,9)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- Size of the area
- Amount of debris
- Number of jobs
- Percentage of economic growth. (9,10,11)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of April 1st, 2023.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Landasan Lumayan Sdn Bhd (LLSB) (2019), Case Study: Selangor Maritime Gateway, available at https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Urban-Redevelopment.pdf (accessed 1-3-2023)
2. Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) (no date), Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Klang River, available at https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/projects/rehabilitation/klang-river-rehabilitation/ (accessed 1-3-2023)
3. Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) (no date), Mangrove Point, available at https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/projects/developments/mangrove-point/#1569997798923-f673e8aa-ae11 (accessed 1-3-2023)
4. Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) (no date), Grand Bazaar, available at https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/projects/developments/grand-bazaar/ (accessed 1-3-2023)
5. Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) (no date), Pangkalan Batu Urban Park, available at https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/projects/developments/pangkalan-batu-urban-park/ (accessed 1-3-2023)
6. Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) (no date), Community River Park, available t https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/projects/developments/community-river-park/#1569893923118-97b650c3-6f12 (accessed 1-3-2023)
7. Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) (no date), Cultural Village & Retreat Resort, available at https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/projects/developments/cultural-village-heritage/ (accessed 1-3-2023)
8. Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) (no date), Rehabilitation Of Telok Kapas Landfill, available at https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/projects/rehabilitation/rehabilitation-of-telok-kapas-landfill/ (accessed 1-3-2023)
9. Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) (no date), Master Plan, available at https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/about-us/selangor-maritime-gateway/ (accessed 1-3-2023)
10. Selangor Journal (2020), Mangrove Point to be Selangor’s next ecotourism destination, available at https://selangorjournal.my/2020/09/mangrove-point-to-be-selangors-next-ecotourism-destination/ (accessed 1-3-2023)
11. The Malaysian Reserve (2019), ‘Scenic’ Klang River to be open to public next year, available at https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/10/30/scenic-klang-river-to-be-open-to-public-next-year/ (accessed 01-04-2023)
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Pedestrian Bridge 1
Pedestrian Bridge 1
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/bridges1.jpg
Image
Mangrove Point 3
Mangrove Point 3
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Mangrove-Point-8.jpeg
Image
New Land Banks
New Land Banks
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/newland2.png
Image
Master Plan of Klang River Rehabilitation
Master Plan of Klang River Rehabilitation
https://www.academia.edu/35433230/Breaking_the_Edge_Connecting_North_and_South_Riverfront_Corridor_as_Public_Space_at_Klang_Bandar_Diraja?auto=download
Image
Programming Diagram of Klang River Rehabilitation
Programming Diagram of Klang River Rehabilitation
https://www.academia.edu/35433230/Breaking_the_Edge_Connecting_North_and_South_Riverfront_Corridor_as_Public_Space_at_Klang_Bandar_Diraja?auto=download
Image
Tidal Gate
Tidal Gate
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/tidal1.jpg
Image
Mangrove Point 2
Mangrove Point 2
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Untitled-1-2-768x768.jpg
Image
Inventory works by arborist@Mangrove Point
Inventory works by arborist@Mangrove Point
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/arborist.jpg
Image
Inventory work@Mangrove Point
Inventory work@Mangrove Point
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/trunk.jpg
Image
Pangkalan Batu Urban Park 3
Pangkalan Batu Urban Park 3
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/pb-2.png
Image
Grand Bazaar 1
Grand Bazaar 1
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/GB.jpg
Image
Community River Park 2
Community River Park 2
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/crvpark.png
Image
Cultural Village & Retreat Resort 3
Cultural Village & Retreat Resort 3
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/4-3.jpg
Image
Cultural Village & Retreat Resort 4
Cultural Village & Retreat Resort 4
https://www.selangormaritimegateway.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/3-3.jpg