Biodiversity enhancement in the Forest of Avaize

Climate change:
-Enhanced carbon sequestration: (expected) experimental orchards planted to "increase the carbon capture potential and adapt Avaize wood to climate change" (Ref. 1). It is based on "another way of cultivating allowing the development of biodiversity and which could be more resilient in the face of climate change. The actions carried out are inspired by permaculture methods to restore this black locust plantation in a conservatory orchard. This orchard will allow old varieties to be preserved and their development in the face of climate change to be monitored" (Ref. 1).

Environmental quality:
-Soil protection and amelioration: (achieved): "demolished changing rooms will be the place of experimentation with natural soil reconstitution, without adding topsoil" (Ref. 1).

Water management and blue areas:
-Improved water quality: (achieved) "At the level of the concrete Janon basin, floating rafts will provide areas of refuge
for fish and will participate in the filtration of water and the landscape quality of the site" (Ref. 1).

Green space and habitat:
-Increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems (local habitats for local species): (achieved) "A conservatory orchard of permaculture inspiration will be created at a Robinia plantation at the entrance to Avaize Wood to enjoy the
nitrogen fixing character of this species" (Ref. 1). "At the level of the concrete Janon basin, floating rafts will provide areas of refuge for fish" (Ref. 1).
-Reduction of biodiversity loss: (expected) "The creation of a network of forest ponds will allow the development and reproduction of numerous flora and fauna species (including Amphibians)" (Ref. 1).
-Enhanced support of pollination: (achieved) "plant strata at the image of a forest garden: fruit trees
(apple trees, pear trees ...), berry shrubs (blackcurrants, raspberries, elderberries, etc.), perennials with spring bulbs (tulips ...) and lianas (honeysuckle ...) to promote pollination" (Ref. 1).
-Increased ecological connectivity across regeneration sites and scales: (expected) "The Bois d'Avaize park is isolated to the north by the city of Saint-Étienne and to the south by the RN88, which limits the movement of wildlife, at least on land. To the south of the park, a structure allows you to cross the RN88. Following it, a more or less continuous corridor provides a connection to the Pilat massif. The revegetation of this structure and its surroundings, for example through the creation of a grassy strip on one of the sidewalks, would encourage its frequentation by wildlife at night and would allow this entity to be reconnected to the Pilat massif" (Ref. 1).
- A former mining site, operated from the 15th century until 1931, it was gradually reclaimed by vegetation before being converted into a municipal park in 1996 (Ref. 1).
-20000 square meters by now have been "restored and adapted" in this forest (Ref. 1)