1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Monrovia
Region
Africa
Short description of the intervention
The Mesurado mangrove forests, which is the focus point of the intervention, covers an area of approximately 6,760 hectares. It is situated within Montserrado County, around Monrovia, the capital city of Liberia, West Africa. It is surrounded by 38 human settlements some of which are regarded as slums. The area is currently one of those five Ramsar (Iranian city wherein 1971 was signed and ratified the Convention on Wetlands) designated sites in Liberia and a home of three species of mangrove that stands at the point of extinction due to human encroachment. (3) Adding to this, the area is used as a colossal waste dump, and, in cases, for cutting of mangrove trees for fish drying. In addition to the huge species richness of the area, it also serves as a habitat and breeding ground for marine species and provides a number of important ecosystem services. This intervention seeks to address the issue of ignorance on the part of the communities about the importance and benefits of mangroves in communities within and around the Mesurado wetland. As it is a soft measure project, the main implementation strategy includes a series of educational episodes through a system of religious conservation awareness and education and alternative livelihood options for the communities engaged. (1,2)
Address

Peace Islands
1000 Monrovia
Liberia

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2020
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
Mangrove forest at the Mesurado wetland is depleting at a much higher rate than the global expectation. The decrease of the forest is the result of it being converted to other land uses such as urban development, search for human settlements, agriculture, sand mining amongst other uses. Adding to this, due to climate change, rainfall is sometimes experienced even during some months in the dry season leading to soil erosion and landslides. In Liberia, mangrove forests conservation is yet to be accepted by the local coastal dwellers due to their low level of conservation knowledge which leads to land reclamation, charcoal production or wood for drying of fish. As such the present intervention aimed at:
1. To address the issue of ignorance on the part of the communities about the importance and benefits of mangroves in communities within and around the Mesurado wetland.
2. To employ the integration of conservation messages into sermons preached by religious leaders, a method previously used successfully in the conservation and protection of elephants in Kenya and within the sub-region.
3. To address the continuous protection of the Mesurado Wetlands through a system of religious conservation awareness and education and alternative livelihood options for the communities engaged.
4. To ensure that young people take action in addressing climate change issues by their inclusion, and active participation at all climate change discussions and negotiations henceforth.
5. To link climate change with key development challenges, like poverty alleviation, agriculture, gender, health, education, economic growth, urbanization and migrations, governance among others
6. To address knowledge transfer and capacity building based on the personal involvement of local people are at the heart of this project and hence dissemination is an integral aspect of what is planned.
7. To raise awareness in terms of the important ecosystems provided by the Mesurado Wetlands: it is a crucial component of the blue forest ecosystem a powerful form of erosion control, and the existence of mangrove trees, it provides shelter and nutrients to young fishes, shrimps, crabs and molluscs where they can live safely and develop. (1,2)
Quantitative targets
Raising awareness of native species: the site harbours three of the six mangrove species found in Liberia (Rhizophoraharrisonii, R. mangle and Avicenniaafricana)
Targeting 4 communities totalling approx. 40,000 inhabitants (spread in different suburbs of Monrovia: Peace Island, 72nd SKD Boulevard Community, Chocolate city community and New Matadi estate in Sinkor)
Organising 3 working sessions inviting members of the community
Establishing biodiversity clubs in high schools to help initiate environmentally friendly discussions at that level targeting different ages: teenagers and young adults - median age in Monrovia is 37.9 y.o in 2020 (1,2,3)

Monitoring indicators defined
Number of species targeted
Number of people benefiting from the awareness campaign
Number of workshops organised
Ages targeted (1,2,3)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
Consultations and discussions began as early as 2020 with the community and stakeholders representatives. The proposal which developed in an intervention has evolved as a direct result of that consultation process and a pre-project development visit which was undertaken early on by the project team. The intervention is fairly new as it has been approved in July 2020. In April 2021, the Youth Climate Change Initiative- (YCCI-Liberia) Liberia, a climate and environment non-for-profit and one of the implementers already organised a session. Participants at the workshop were drawn from wetland communities including, Peace Island, SKD Boulevard, New Matadi, Sinkor and communities along the battery Factory area. Students of the University of Liberia were also in attendance. (2)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Deltas
Coastlines
Coastal wetland, mangroves and salt marshes
Vegetation Type
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Coastal protection
Flood regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Tourism
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The initiative was led by Youth Climate Change Initiative-Liberia (which has been around for the past 5 years actively engaging youth and other environmental related issues in Liberia) and funded by the SGP Small Grants Programme. Since 1992 SGP recognizes that environmental degradation such as the destruction of ecosystems and the species that depend upon them, increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, pollution of international waters, land degradation and the spread of persistent organic pollutants are life-threatening challenges that endanger us all. Local authorities also participated as intermediaries with the local communities. (1,2)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Researchers/university
Multilateral organisation
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
Sources mention that the initiative was implemented under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands - of which Liberia is a signatory. The Convention is “an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources". Liberia signed the Convention in 2003 and included it in a national policy. It was concluded that education was a focus point in implementing the national strategy on wetlands protection. (2, 5) The area is also mentioned in the National Policy and Response Strategy on Climate Change (2018) - which sets the basic analysis, mitigation and prevention issues and principles as regards the adverse climate change impact and consequences on the territory of the Republic of Liberia (6). The Project will impact the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), the Forestry Law and the National Wildlife Law. (1)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
Monrovia has a Metropolitan Climate Resilience Project funded by UNDP and which aims at coastal defence, enhanced livelihoods, and improved protection of mangrove ecosystems but it is unclear if there is a connection between the local plan and the intervention. The plan also focuses on local adaptive capacity by strengthening gender- and climate-sensitive livelihoods and protecting mangroves in the Mesurado Wetland within Monrovia. (7)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
The intervention did not plan to plant any type of vegetation but to raise awareness when depletion of trees is a problem.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
“Using Valuation to Understand Public Perceptions of Mangrove Forests Benefits in Liberia”, a 2018 study which was done in Grand Cape Mount County. The result of the study shows low climate education in Liberia and lack of basic understanding about underlying environment issues. The study unveiled that people are willing to pay for the preservation of mangroves swamps but this must begin with individuals at community levels. (2)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The amount of the grant is 20,000 USD - 17,212 EUR (conversion rate as of October 26, 2021, available at https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=EUR) ; in kind participation: 2500 USD - 2,151 EUR (conversion rate as of October 26, 2021, available at https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=EUR)
Please specify other source of funding
The project will be sustained through revenue generating mechanism including fees, permits and replication of the project. (1)
Please specify other type of fund used
The project will be sustained through revenue generating mechanism including fees, permits and replication of the project. (1)
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
This intervention is a novelty through its governance proposals aiming at an inclusive approach for Liberia's citizens and their contribution to protecting the wetlands of the capital. Another type of novelty is the fact that the delivery of the project's information, therefore the awareness campaign and the importance of changing behaviour when dealing with climate change's effects, is done through religious sermons in the 4 communities selected. The project team works with community and religious leaders. (1)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The intervention in its current form has been previously implemented in the protection of elephants in Kenya and within the sub-region; it was also used in Ghana by Herp- Conservation Ghana. (1)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
One of the sources mentions that a similar initiative will take place in the town of Todee, in Upper Montserrado County. Through the project, support will also be given to over 20 local organizations in creating awareness on the prevention of climate change, youth mentorship, biodiversity, and empowering farmers to engage in mechanized farming as well as helping less fortunate men and women in five counties. (8)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
It was unclear from the sources if the intervention has issued reports or if it has produced documents that can attest to its impacts on the local population. This being said, it is important to mention that in 2020 when the project team started the implementation phase, the expected outcomes span around strengthening the capacity of the local community to recognise climate hazards and address them accordingly as the Liberian wetlands were heavily affected not only by the climate change but also by the 14 years armed conflict which led to people practising indiscriminate agriculture and fishing, over-harvesting the mangrove wood, dumping rubbish in the wetlands, and reclaiming land in certain areas. Hence it was important for the intervention team to dissipate information in a way that would change behavioural attitudes and help the community address these types of situations. Another important aspect was that the same invasive and reckless human behaviour caused an important loss in terms of biodiversity therefore it was expected from the intervention to increase safeness for the different species cohabiting the wetlands. (1, 6) Other sources were not available.
Description of economic benefits
Another expectation of the project aimed at giving the locals an alternative to their way of earning their living. In this sense, the workshops organised aimed in April 2021 (and attended by over 50 people) at offering alternative livelihood options for the communities engaged, for example, tailoring, thereof stimulating the economic development of the area which is part of the slums of Monrovia. Many residential areas in the Monrovia have typical slum characteristics: - occupation by a high proportion of low-income earners, lack of basic infrastructures, ambiguous or insecure land tenure rights, high population density, poor environmental conditions, poor or very poor building quality, absence of urban culture, high levels of criminality and delinquency, among others. The Livelihood Support System part of the program is also expected to provide sustainable alternative sources of income for the local people in the communities, reducing the pressure placed on the unsustainable livelihood development in communities around the forest that the project will be implemented .(1,6)
Please specify other environmental justice issue
Improve locals knowledge on the mangrove ecosystems and education on the harmful impacts of their past practices in their environment.
Description of social and cultural benefits
The idea behind the project was that an increased sense of ownership will also increase the involvement of the locals in how they manage the environment surrounding them by creating awareness about the local nature. In January 2021 the Youth Climate Change Initiative Liberia launched a campaign that aims at making climate change education more central and visible part of the national response to climate change. The programme is intended to help students understand the impact of global warming today and increase climate literacy among young people. The campaign will also launch trainings to strengthen the capacity of school’s administrators, teachers, and other organizations into climate change for the provision of quality climate change education to those they mentor; encouraging innovative teaching approaches to integrate climate change education in school and by raising awareness about climate change as well as enhancing non-formal education programmes through media, networking and partnerships. (4) The project is expected to focus on training women as project workers. Women will also be trained to undertake sustainable livelihood activities that support biodiversity conservation and social development. (1) Factual data regarding the impacts of the workshops was not available.
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown as indicators were not mentioned in the sources surveilled.
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
As of 26 October 2021 information regarding the effects of Covid 19 on the intervention was not accessible.
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. SGP, The GEF Small Grants Programme (2020), Increasing Community awareness about the Importance of Mangrove Ecosystem within and around the Mesurado Wetlands, available at https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=29976 (accessed 26-10-2021)
2. FrontPage Africa (2021), Mangrove Ecosystem in Mesurado Wetlands Under Enormous Threat: YCCI-Liberia Warns at Dialogue in Peace Island, available at https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/mangrove-ecosystem-in-mesurado-wetlands-under-enormous-threat-ycci-liberia-warns-at-dialogue-in-peace-island/ (accessed 26-10-2021)
3. Osuman G. Kiazolu1, Prof. Francis Mwaura, Dr. Thithus Thenya (2020), Assessment of the level of public knowledge towards mangrove forest conservation. A case study of the Mesurado Wetland in Liberia, available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343492781_Assessment_of_the_level_of_public_knowledge_towards_mangrove_forest_conservation_A_case_study_of_the_Mesurado_Wetland_in_Liberia (accessed 26-10-2021)
4. FrontPage Africa (2021), Youth Climate Change Initiative Urges Government of Liberia to Embark on Compulsory Climate Education, available at https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/youth-climate-change-initiative-urges-government-of-liberia-to-embark-on-compulsory-climate-education/ (accessed 26-10-2021)
5. Ramsar (2015), NATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RAMSAR CONVENTION ON WETLANDS, available at https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/2014/national-reports/COP12/cop12_nr_liberia.pdf (accessed 26-10-2021)
6. Republic of Liberia (2018), National Policy and Response Strategy on Climate Change, available at https://www.epa.gov.lr/sites/default/files/National%20Policy%20and%20Response%20Strategy%20on%20Climate%20Change%20Final%20Document-min_0.pdf (accessed 26-10-2021)
7. UNDP (2021), Monrovia Metropolitan Climate Resilience Project, available at https://www.adaptation-undp.org/GCF-Monrovia (accessed 26-10-2021)
8. Front Page Africa (2021), UNDP Liberia Launches GEF Small Grant Program with Five Local Partners, available at https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/undp-liberia-launches-gef-small-grant-program-with-five-local-partners/ (accessed 26-10-2021)
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Photo 1
Workshop
https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/mangrove-ecosystem-in-mesurado-wetlands-under-enormous-threat-ycci-liberia-warns-at-dialogue-in-peace-island/
Image
Photo 2
Image of the wetland
https://newspublictrust.com/liberia-mangrove-ecosystem-in-mesurado-wetlands-under-enormous-threat/
Image
Photo 3
Workshop 2
https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/mangrove-ecosystem-in-mesurado-wetlands-under-enormous-threat-ycci-liberia-warns-at-dialogue-in-peace-island/