1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Oslo
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Alna Miljøpark
Short description of the intervention
Oslo municipality is underway with the large-scale project of opening up rivers that previously were running in underground pipes. Alna Environmental Park is a part of this project and includes major transformation and environmental upgrade of the river Alna. The Environmental Park runs along the river and has transformed grey structures to accessible parks and recreation areas and now acts as an important resource for Oslo's citizens. Central aims of the project are to improve the self-cleaning ability of Alna, while maintaining biodiversity in the region and to inspire future urban development. (Ref. 1, 3)
Address

Alna Miljøpark
0667 Oslo
Norway

Area boundary
POINT (10.878813 59.972643)
POINT (10.90724 59.965994)
POINT (10.780194 59.897855)
POINT (10.772935 59.921035)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocplayer.me%2F19839266-Kommunedelplan-for-alna-miljopark.html&psig=AOvVaw1_9fsNSLwpPHXH8NO0cCxu&ust=1603954425554000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPjLsILa1uwCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
River (Ref. 1,3)
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2002
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2004
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
The intervention consists of ten major changes to the river, at different locations, thus the different parts of the project will be completed at different times.
Goals of the intervention
This NBS aims to achieve the following (Ref. 1):
Strengthen the blue-green structure of Oslo;
Secure biodiversity, habitats and good water quality in the region along the river;
Open storm water solutions for flood prevention with respect to climate change and heavy rains that are expected to come;
Recreation and well-being for the citizens;
Preserve cultural landscape and vegetation;
Act as a inspiration and a driving force for future urban development
Quantitative targets
Unknown
Monitoring indicators defined
The water quality in Alna river is controlled every fourth year by the Water- and Sewerage Authority and the quality is mainly based on an Ecological Quotient Ratio (EQR) (Ref. 2)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
- Opening of several parts of the river as a means of flood prevention (Ref. 1,3)
- Reconstruction of certain parts of the river to increase water self-cleaning ability and facilitate purification of water seeping into the river from the surrounding road and industrial area (Ref. 1,3)
- Artificial wetland has also been laid out on Hølaløkka (an area along the Alna river) to contribute to self-cleaning (Ref. 7)
- Establishment of various recreational opportunities and parks along Alna (Ref. 1,3)
- Transformation of grey areas into green areas (Ref. 1,3)
- Restoration of natural areas of high value, which act as important habitat (Ref. 1,3)
- Restoring and making places with cultural heritage value more available (Ref. 1, 3)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Riverbank/Lakeside greens
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces
Green corridors and green belts
Blue infrastructure
Rivers/streams/canals/estuaries
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Flood regulation
Water purification / filtration
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Inspiration for culture, art and design
Recreation
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Please specify other local relevant strategy
Sports and outdoors (Ref. 1)
Governance
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Local Government: Oslo municipality has been responsible for planning and developing the park. The project has also involved a task force of six political representatives from different parties (Ref. 1,12)
National Government: Norwegian Environment Agency co-leads initiative with municipality and compiles knowledge related to Alna restoration (Ref. 12)

NGO: "Alnaelvas venner" Friends of River Alna" have been involved in the development of the project too (Ref. 1, 2, 12).

Citizens: The Municipal Master Plan (KDP) was open for public scrutiny a little over 3 months in 2009. (Ref. 1, 12)
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
National government
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Yes
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
EU Water Framework Directive (Ref. 1)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
The first White Paper on Climate Change Adaption (Ref. 5)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The Alna Report of Ideas (Alna Idérapport, 2002); Climate and Energy Strategy for Oslo; Municipal Sector Plan for the Alna Environmental Park (2013); Oslo Environment Urban Ecology Program (Oslomiljøet byøkologisk program); The Municipality Plan (2008); Strategic Greenstructure Plan for the Grorud Valley (Strategisk grønnstrukturplan for Groruddalen); Plan for Sports and Outdoor Life in Oslo 2009-12 (Plan for idrett og friluftsliv i Oslo 2009-12); Holistic Development Plan for the Grorud Valley (Helhetlig utviklingsplan for Groruddalen (HUG)); and The Municipal Plan for Meeting areas (Kommune delplane for torg og møteplasser) (Ref. 1)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Urban Ecology Program 2011-2026 (Ref. 10)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
Actionplan for Stormwater Management in the City of Oslo; Climate and Energy Strategy for Oslo; The Urban Development of Oslo & Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the City of Oslo (Ref 10)
Please specify other vegetation type
green space (Ref. 1), varied vegetation (Ref. 12)
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Please specify other Business model
Urban regeneration (Ref. 1,3)
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify technological innovation
The Alna Environmental Park is a technical innovation in terms of change in infrastructure of the watercourse and certain parts of the city (Ref. 1,3)
Please specify social innovation
Social innovation in terms of the positive health & well-being effects the Park will generate. (Ref. 1)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The Alna Environmental Park is largely inspired by the similar projekt of the nearby Aker river and its Environmental Park (Ref. 1).
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
One of the goals of Alna Environmental Park is to inspire future urban development. This may be interpreted as a wish for replication of the different projects involved in Alna. However, no such statements of actual replications have been found (Ref. 1).
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Expected/ Achieved – some progress has been made, but it hasn’t reached the desired levels (Ref. 11)

Water Management/ Flood Protection/ Climate Hazard Risk Reduction:
Opening of several parts of the river as a means of flood prevention (Ref. 1, 3)
Reconstruction of certain parts of the river to increase water self-cleaning ability and facilitate purification of water seeping into the river from the surrounding road and industrial area (Ref. 1, 3)

Habitats:
Restoration of natural areas of high value, which act as important habitat (Ref. 1, 3)

Green Space:
Transformation of grey areas into green areas (Ref. 1, 3)
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
Expected/ Achieved – some progress has been made, but it hasn’t reached the desired levels (Ref. 11)

Recreation:
Establishment of various recreational opportunities and parks along Alna (Ref. 1, 3)

Cultural Heritage:
Restoring and making places with cultural heritage value more available (Ref. 1, 3)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of 27 October 2020
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Please specify other modes of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens were interviewed about their appreciation of Hølaløkka, which was the first transformation project of Alna River. The interviews were conducted pre- and post the project - once in 2005 and once in 2007. (Ref. 7)
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
No
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Oslo Municipality (2013). Municipal Sector Plan for the Alna Environmental Park. Kommunedelplan for Alna Miljøpark. KDP nr. 18. Planning & Building Agency (Plan- og Bygningsetaten). [Document provided].
2. The City of Oslo (2017). Water Quality in the Main Waterways. Vannkvalitet i Hovedvassdragene. Available at: https://www.oslo.kommune.no/statistikk/miljostatus/vann-og-vassdrag/ [Accessed: 27 October 2020].
3. Byplan Oslo (2009). Alna Environment Park: Bluegreen Belt from the fjord to Marka. Alna miljøpark: Blågrønt belte fra fjorden til Marka. [Not available in 2020].
4. Oslo Municipality (2009). Municipal Sector Plan for the Alna Environmental Park: Summary of Comments to the Start of the Planning Process. Kommunedelplan for Alna miljøpark: Sammendrag av bemerkninger ved oppstart av planarbeidet VEDLEGG 2 til planforslag. Planning & Building Agency (Plan- og bygningsetaten). [Document provided].
5. European Climate Adaption Platform (2017). Norway. Available at: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/countries-regions/countries/norway [Accessed: 27 October 2020].
6. The City of Oslo (2017). Quiet Urban areas. [Not available in 2020].
7. Museth, J., Hagen, D., Krange, O. & Bendiksen, E. (2008). People's knowledge and attitudes to Hølaløkka - a pilot project in the restoration of the Alna River, Oslo municipality.Folks kjennskap og holdninger til Hølaløkka - et pilotprosjekt i restaureringen av Alnaelva, Oslo kommune. NINA rapport 361. [Document provided].
8. Oslo Municipality (2007). Green Plan for Oslo: Municipal Sector Plan for the Bluegreen Structure in the Building Zone of Oslo. Grøntplan for Oslo: Kommunedelplan for den blågrønne strukturen i Oslos byggesone. Planning & Building Agency (Plan- og Bygningsetaten. Available at: https://folkeaksjonen.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/2009grontplanenforslaghoeringsdokument.pdf [Accessed: 27 October 2020].
9. European Landscape Convention (2016). Landscape Award of the Council of Europe. Application form, 5th session 2016-2017. [Document provided].
10. The Urban Development of Oslo & Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the City of Oslo. Available at: https://www.oslo.kommune.no/english/politics-and-administration/green-oslo/plans-and-programmes/ [Accessed: 27 October 2020].
11. Nesheim, I. et al. (2020). Alna - knowledge compilation and feasibility study. Alna – kunnskapssammenstilling og mulighetsstudie. Norsk institutt for vannforskning og Miljødirektoratet. [Document provided].
12. Ministry of Climate and Environment. (2020). Starts new feasibility study of the Alna River. Starter ny mulighetsstudie av Alnaelva. Available at: https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/starter-ny-mulighetsstudie-av-alnaelva/id2687173/ [Accessed: 27 October 2020].
Comments and notes
Comments
Regarding the question on presence of monitoring/evaluation reports (under section no.6), there was also an evaluation report in which citizens had been interviewed about their opinion on the Hølaløkka Park which was part of the Alna project.
Additional insights
The Alna Environmental Park is an extensive operation involving many different projects over a long time-span. Therefore specific numbers and level of detail have been difficult to obtain at times.
As of 2020, water quality remains an issue of the Alna river. (Ref. 11)
The City of Oslo is also preparing for a proposal for a strategic plan for the restoration of watercourses for the period 2021-2030 (Ref. 11)

section 4: enablers: Oslo is a very progressive city when it comes to climate change adaption and sustainability. However, no specific city network focused on climate change was found, but their work on climate change adaption is rather embedded in visions and strategies of most businesses/agencies/networks and projects

section 4/enablers/q2: Green and blue-green infrastructure is central in several policies, strategies and plans, but they are not always specifically GI/BI/NBS plans - please see above list

section 6/impact assessment mechanism: No impact assessment tools have been found for the Alna Environmental Park as a whole. There might be specific impact assessment tools for the different sub-projects, however these have not been found after brief research.
Public Images
Image
Alna Park Plan
Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocplayer.me%2F19839266-Kommunedelplan-for-alna-miljopark.html&psig=AOvVaw1_9fsNSLwpPHXH8NO0cCxu&ust=1603954425554000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIDwqO3h1uwCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD