1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Phoenix (FUA)
Region
Northern America
Short description of the intervention
Phoenix is grappling with severe urban heat problems. As the city continues to grow, it is expected to experience a rise in temperatures of three to five degrees on average in the coming years. This makes urban heat a significant concern, especially for vulnerable populations. Phoenix’s extensive urban sprawl, combined with a lack of green space, has exacerbated the urban heat island effect, where cities become significantly hotter than surrounding rural areas due to the high concentration of concrete, asphalt, and infrastructure. In 2022, Nick Lodato, the principal of Emerson Elementary School, wanted to mark the school's 100th anniversary in a meaningful way. He decided that planting trees would be the perfect way to celebrate this milestone while also benefiting the community. The tree planting event not only symbolized the school's strong sense of community but also represented an investment in its sustainable future. Prior to the project, Emerson had only 9% tree canopy cover, which was far below what is necessary to address some of the pressing environmental challenges Phoenix faces.
Tree cover has become critical infrastructure for heat mitigation. Trees provide natural shade and help cool the environment by reducing surface temperatures, which in turn lowers energy consumption and promotes better public health. In addition to offering shade, the native, drought-tolerant trees and plants planted at Emerson will also contribute to carbon sequestration, purify the air, and improve mental health by creating more green spaces for relaxation and outdoor activities.
To complete this project, Emerson Elementary partnered with the Arizona Sustainability Alliance (ASA), a local nonprofit. Together, they planted over 100 trees and plants across the school’s campus, with approximately 125 people attending the event. Volunteers included students and their parents, Tau Psi Omega fraternity members, APS employees, neighbors, former Emerson students and teachers. (1-3)
Implementation area characterization
Address

915 E Palm Ln
Phoenix, 85006
United States

Area boundary (map-based)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Source: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Emerson+Elementary+School/@33.4687801,-112.0640785,382m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x872b126d13afaaa7:0x6e42b7c58aacb9b8!8m2!3d33.468794!4d-112.061862!16s%2Fg%2F1td2myxp!5m2!1e2!1e4?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MTEwNi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
Area description
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
School ground
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2022
End date of the intervention
2022
Present stage of the intervention
Objectives of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The goals of the Emerson Elementary Tree Planting Project were:

To celebrate the school's anniversary by strengthening the community through tree planting, promoting sustainability for both the environment and the community.
To educate the community on sustainable planting practices and raise awareness about environmental sustainability.
To mitigate the effects of urban heat, air pollution, and lack of green space, while addressing educational gaps around sustainability.
To create cooler spaces for children and improve outdoor environments for future generations.
To plant native drought resistant trees and plants that enhance carbon sequestration and contribute to environmental health. (1-3)
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities and NBS focus
Implementation activities
Emerson Elementary School partnered with the Arizona Sustainability Alliance (AZSA) Tree Planting Program to organize a community-focused tree planting event. The project was funded by raising over $20,000 from eight different organizations and more than 40 individuals. The event successfully engaged around 125 participants, including students, parents, local volunteers, and community members. During the event, over 100 native, drought-resilient plant species, including 58 trees and 58 plants, were planted across the school grounds. The project also provided an opportunity to promote educational awareness about sustainable planting practices, with the expertise of Trees Matter and AZSA guiding the community on how to adopt environmentally friendly methods for tree planting and climate change mitigation. (1-3)

NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Green playgrounds and school grounds
Please specify "other urban green space connected to grey infrastructure"
School
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Carbon storage/sequestration
Cultural services
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Demographics in implementation area
The project takes place at Emerson Elementary located in Central Phoenix. Communities in the city are facing the urban heat island effect which impacts health, safety, comfort and economic development, and this is projected to worsen over time (6). Students at Emerson Elementary only had 9 percent tree cover making it challenging for them to play outside during the day (1). The school is economically diverse but majority Hispanic school (1). In the nearby area around Emerson Elementary, residents are between the ages of 25 - 54 years (5). 59 percent of the community falls under minority groups (5). The households in the nearby area are an even mix between family households and non-family households (5). The median household income ranges between 35,000 to 149,000 USD (5).
Socio-economic profile of the area
Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts
Yes
Specification of climate or environmentally vulnerable communities
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Researchers, university
Citizens or community groups
Specify primary beneficiaries
-Public sector institution (e.g. school or hospital): "Emerson, an economically diverse but majority Hispanic school, has only a 9% tree canopy cover, which is part of the reason why the Arizona Sustainability Alliance chose to fund the project." (1)

-Citizens or community groups: “We always like to prioritize areas that are high need and don't have a dense tree canopy, because we're trying to mitigate the urban heat island effect,” Killoren said. (1)
Measures for inclusion of marginalised groups
The trees were planted at this school specifically because children did not have access to a large amount of shade cover (1).
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The tree planting project at Emerson Elementary was initiated and organized by the school’s principal, Nick Lodato. The event saw active involvement from various community groups, including students and parents from the school, local neighbors, and Tau Psi Omega fraternity members, who all volunteered their time to help plant trees. The Arizona Sustainability Alliance (AZSA) played a key role by partnering with Emerson Elementary to offer expertise and organizational support through their Tree Planting Program. Additionally, Trees Matter, another local NGO, contributed by providing educational guidance during the event. The project also received support from private sector entities such as Arizona Public Services (utility company) and My Central Phoenix Realtor, as well as assistance from Banner University Medical Center Phoenix. (1-2)
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Public sector institution
Citizens or community group
Researchers/university
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Stages of citizen and community engagement
Level of citizen and community engagement
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Shade Phoenix plan (7).
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers & Barriers
Please provide details (e.g, name of the plan or strategy) for the selected policies or initiatives.
Funds or subsidies investment for GI/NBS in the city (available for the city or provided by the city): Two funded programs by the city, Community Canopy and Canopy for Kids.
In 2022, the principle of Emerson Elementary School, Nick Lodato, wanted to do something special to celebrate the 100 year anniversary of the school, he decided there was no better way than planting trees (1).
Capacity-building projects: ShadePHX plan and Shade Sidewalk Plan (8).

Arrangements for governance cooperation
Barriers
Unknown.
Financing
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The school estimated it would need 14346.08 to plant the trees and plants and hold an event. It set the fundraising goal for 16139.34, but it ended up raising more than 17932.60 from eight different organizations and over 40 individuals (1).
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
€17932.60 (1)
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Type of non-financial contribution
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-governance arrangement
Entrepreneurship opportunities
No
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
--Expected lowered local temperature: "Planting more trees is also a key component to heat mitigation, which has become increasingly important as experts predict Phoenix will become 3 to 5 degrees warmer on average in coming years. The city has taken the issue of urban heat so seriously in 2012 it established the country’s first publicly funded office of heat response and mitigation. " (2)
Enhanced carbon sequestration: "The plants and the trees are going to help sequester carbon, purify the air and improve mental health" (2).
Improved air quality: The plants and the trees are going to help sequester carbon, purify the air and improve mental health." Increased number of species present: "Emerson planted 58 trees and 58 plants, prioritizing native species.
Strengthened capacity to address climate hazards/natural disasters: “We always like to prioritize areas that are high need and don't have a dense tree canopy, because we're trying to mitigate the urban heat island effect,” Killoren said." (1)
Environmental impact indicators
Total number of vascular plant species protected or introduced
58 trees and 58 plants (1)
Description of economic benefits
1. Generation of other type of work opportunities (e.g. voluntary, work for rehabilitation): "The volunteers, many of them children, dug holes, placed trees and plants inside and then shoveled the dirt in" (1).
2. Increase of green jobs (e.g. paid employment positions): "Trees “cool neighborhoods, which reduces heat-related illnesses and utility costs, and generate wealth by creating tree-related career opportunities." (1)
Social and cultural impact indicators
Number of participants in outdoor activities or exercise programs in green spaces
125 (1)
Description of social and cultural benefits
Improved liveability: “It's when all these things combine that you start to improve air quality for breathing for people who are asthmatic, access to shade and access to cooler spaces, to make the outdoor living more enjoyable for more months of the year.” (1)
Improved mental health: “It was really inspiring to see over 100 volunteers from the community and various organizations come together in support of Emerson. We planted over 100 native and desert adapted trees and plants to assist in mitigating the urban heat island effect, improving mental health and air quality, and beautifying their campus.” (2)
Increased knowledge of locals about local nature: "The volunteers, many of them children, dug holes, placed trees and plants inside and then shoveled the dirt in, listening to members of the Arizona Sustainability Alliance as they explained how wind could affect the stability of trees, how to water the plants for maximum efficiency and other logistics." (1)
Increased support for education and scientific research: "The Arizona Sustainability Alliance will return to Emerson in a few weeks to train teachers how to care for the trees." (1)
Improved community safety to climate-related hazards: "Two wooden stakes hold up a tree whose bark is no wider than a thick Expo marker. In a decade or so, organizers hope these young saplings will shade future playground denizens as they play soccer, football or freeze tag in the open field." (1)
Improved physical health: "Trees “cool neighborhoods, which reduces heat-related illnesses." (1)
Mental health benefits
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown.
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Cost-benefit analysis
Unknown
Justice
Description of locals satisfaction with the project
-"“I came here today because I want to plant some trees,” said Zoe Avila, a fourth-grader who was the former president of the Tree Club. “I wanted to be very helpful to my school.” (1)
Trade-offs & Negative impacts
Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement
High-quality & Transformative NBS
Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community)
Yes
Goal setting and impacts delivery
No, although benefits were delivered in all the 3 key areas, but in the planning phase, the project did not aim to address issues in all the 3 key priority areas.
Reaching original project goals
Please specify the achievements of the project goals
Climate action:
--Expected lowered local temperature: "Planting more trees is also a key component to heat mitigation, which has become increasingly important as experts predict Phoenix will become 3 to 5 degrees warmer on average in coming years. The city has taken the issue of urban heat so seriously in 2012 it established the country’s first publicly funded office of heat response and mitigation. " (2)
Enhanced carbon sequestration: "The plants and the trees are going to help sequester carbon, purify the air and improve mental health" (2).
Improved air quality: The plants and the trees are going to help sequester carbon, purify the air and improve mental health." Increased number of species present: "Emerson planted 58 trees and 58 plants, prioritizing native species.
Strengthened capacity to address climate hazards/natural disasters: “We always like to prioritize areas that are high need and don't have a dense tree canopy, because we're trying to mitigate the urban heat island effect,” Killoren said." (1)
Social justice and community:
Improved liveability: “It's when all these things combine that you start to improve air quality for breathing for people who are asthmatic, access to shade and access to cooler spaces, to make the outdoor living more enjoyable for more months of the year.” (1)
Improved mental health: “It was really inspiring to see over 100 volunteers from the community and various organizations come together in support of Emerson. We planted over 100 native and desert adapted trees and plants to assist in mitigating the urban heat island effect, improving mental health and air quality, and beautifying their campus.” (2)
Increased knowledge of locals about local nature: "The volunteers, many of them children, dug holes, placed trees and plants inside and then shoveled the dirt in, listening to members of the Arizona Sustainability Alliance as they explained how wind could affect the stability of trees, how to water the plants for maximum efficiency and other logistics." (1)
Increased support for education and scientific research: "The Arizona Sustainability Alliance will return to Emerson in a few weeks to train teachers how to care for the trees." (1)
Improved community safety to climate-related hazards: "Two wooden stakes hold up a tree whose bark is no wider than a thick Expo marker. In a decade or so, organizers hope these young saplings will shade future playground denizens as they play soccer, football or freeze tag in the open field." (1)
Improved physical health: "Trees “cool neighborhoods, which reduces heat-related illnesses." (1)
Long-term perspective
Yes
Cost-effective solutions
No
Application of lessons learned
Perception of Environmental Change
Unknown
References
1.
Syed (2022). Trees growing at Emerson Elementary will expand the shade canopy and build community. [Source link] [Archive];
2.
Arizona Sustainability Alliance (2022). AZ Sustainability Alliance: Emerson Elementary School Centennial Tree Planting. [Source link] [Archive];
3.
Arizona’s Family (3TV / CBS 5) (2022). Making Phoenix more green with APS, Herrera Elementary School, Trees Matter. [Source link] [Archive];
4.
Mendoza, M (2022). Trees planted at Emerson Elementary School in Phoenix by Arizona Sustainability Alliance. [Source link] [Archive];
5.
Maricopa Association of Governments (n.d.). Arizona Demographics . [Source link] [Archive];
6.
The Nature Conservancy (2024). Addressing Heat and Air Quality in Phoenix. [Source link] [Archive];
7.
City of Phoenix (2024). ShadePHX. [Source link] [Archive];
8.
Office of Heat Response and Mitigation (n.d.). Office of Heat Response and Mitigation . [Source link] [Archive];
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
https://eu.azcentral.com/picture-gallery/news/local/arizona-environment/2022/03/07/photos-tree-planting-emerson-elementary-school-phoenix/6967406001/
Image
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
https://eu.azcentral.com/picture-gallery/news/local/arizona-environment/2022/03/07/photos-tree-planting-emerson-elementary-school-phoenix/6967406001/
Image
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
https://eu.azcentral.com/picture-gallery/news/local/arizona-environment/2022/03/07/photos-tree-planting-emerson-elementary-school-phoenix/6967406001/
Image
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
https://eu.azcentral.com/picture-gallery/news/local/arizona-environment/2022/03/07/photos-tree-planting-emerson-elementary-school-phoenix/6967406001/
Image
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
https://eu.azcentral.com/picture-gallery/news/local/arizona-environment/2022/03/07/photos-tree-planting-emerson-elementary-school-phoenix/6967406001/
Image
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
https://eu.azcentral.com/picture-gallery/news/local/arizona-environment/2022/03/07/photos-tree-planting-emerson-elementary-school-phoenix/6967406001/
Image
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
https://eu.azcentral.com/picture-gallery/news/local/arizona-environment/2022/03/07/photos-tree-planting-emerson-elementary-school-phoenix/6967406001/
Image
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
https://eu.azcentral.com/picture-gallery/news/local/arizona-environment/2022/03/07/photos-tree-planting-emerson-elementary-school-phoenix/6967406001/
Image
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
Trees planted at Emerson Elementary
https://eu.azcentral.com/picture-gallery/news/local/arizona-environment/2022/03/07/photos-tree-planting-emerson-elementary-school-phoenix/6967406001/