Technological

The Bohnenback Park project was one of the first urban redevelopment measures in Bielefeld and was opened its gates for the public in May 2017. The park is the combination of blue and green areas in the Bethel district. It was created by exposing the Bohnenbach stream which previously had been piped and been flowing underground. The park consists of free, bright spaces and lawns with few individual groups of trees. Along the naturally meandering course of the brook, there is a long, north-south oriented promenade, which also forms the backbone of the park. It separates the neighbouring buildings from a parking lot while also connects the Bethel district to its surrounding areas via a green corridor favourable for recreation (1, 7).

This project was implemented on the rooftop of a ten-floor building with a floor space of 1.4 hectares, with the implementation of a green roof of 650m2. The motivation behind this was to study the thermodynamic impact of a green roof in hot Athens. Results concluded that the greenroof significantly affected the thermal performance of the building. Energy savings of 50% were observed for air conditioning on the floor directly below the installation. In addition to the energy-saving benefits, the study also found increased biodiversity in the area. A plethora of birds and beneficial insects were observed on the roof, ranging from robin redbreasts, yellowhammers, yellow tits, coal tits, and sparrows to kestrels hovering high above eyeing up the smaller birds. Other species such as honey bees, tiger swallowtail, monarch butterflies, dragonflies and ladybugs were also seen (Ref 1). The study suggested in improved micro-climate and biodiversity of the constitution square (Ref 1, 6, 7).

Opened in 2019, the René-Dumont Park which runs adjacent to a railway is "a centerpiece of the urban composition of the Nouveau Saint-Roch neighborhood" in Montpellier. (Ref. 1 and 2). This north/south 1.2-1.3 ha vegetation corridor represents a major of the city's urban renewal plan and "allows a great articulation among existing habitats, infrastructures and a contemporary neighborhood" (Ref. 2). The large area is considered to be exceptional for dense urban centres (Ref. 2). "The Nouveau Saint-Roch district is an example of a social, generational and functional diversity" (Ref. 2).

The waste management company BiR built a new terminal with underground waste collection using suction techniques. In connection with this new establishment, a green wall and a green roof were installed by the landscaping company Wikholm. In 2015, the plant wall at Jekteviken Terminal was the largest green wall in Norway, covering 350m2 with its 17 000 plants. (Ref. 1) In addition to providing aesthetic value, the wall also insulates the building, cleanses the air, and binds dust. (Ref. 6) Irrigation of the wall is automatic, as the wall collects and stores rainwater and use it when needed. (Ref. 1)

The Street Office (Gatukontoret) and VA Syd rebuilt Fjärilsparken (The butterfly park) in Bunkeflostrand (Malmö). For the shallow stream that runs through the park the slopes of the dikes have been made flat, meadow vegetation and wetland-plants planted in the wetlands. An area east of the park was built with houses and stormwater was managed in new ways (ref. 1). Opening the park up to the sea, flower beds were planted for richer plant and wildlife, butterfly-attracting plants were planted, lighting for safety was installed and areas with benches and bridges were created (ref. 1).

"Micro-flowering are participative urban gardening projects that allow the vegetation of streets by small plantations of annuals and perennials, vegetable and ornamental, in the municipal public space. Generally, it is a matter of developing a mineral surface on the municipal surface of the city by planting pockets. These are then maintained by the inhabitants who requested micro-flowering. Micro-flowering is a place of sharing and conviviality that allows the inhabitants to be actors of their neighborhood" (Ref. 1). In 2018, formalized 'greening permits' were launched. In this system, micro-flowering permits are requested by residents and "The municipal agents come to drill the concrete of the sidewalks and the City provides the plants" (Ref. 9 and 11).

Metrodom Panorama is a private investment containing four 17-storey residential buildings. Following the model of Bosco Verticale of Milan, the facades of the buildings will be created as vertical forests. In the balconies of the buildings 3 to 6 meter high trees are planned to be planted. The construction was finished and the buildings were opened for residents in 2020. As the building is still very new, the green elements of the building are not fully grown in their size, but in 3-4 years the buildings of Metrodom Panorama will be covered with especially lush vegetation. (Reference 9)

Sweden's second largest population of the acutely threatened Green Spotted Toad ("Bufotes viridis") populates in the Northern harbour (Norra hamnen) in Malmö. In 2014 when inventories were carried out, it was shown that four water areas were used for reproduction. Despite a major exploitation interest, city administrations and landowners, together with the County Administrative Board (Länsstyrelsen Skåne), agreed to protect the population and to take measures to maintain its status (ref. 1, 2). A 15.5 hectare area had been protected until further notice from continued land changes and other disturbing activities, and the area had been fenced (ref. 1).

The Anfield Regeneration project was founded in 2013 with the aim to improve the area and its neglected housing stocks. It was set up by the Liverpool council and the Liverpool Foot Club, along with developers Your Housing Group and Keepmoat. The activities include the development of new and refurbished housing, the development of a new public square including commercial and retail premises, a revitalised high street and the expansion of Anfield Stadium (Reference 6) . It also includes the creation of public spaces and selective garden extensions in the area following the demolition of a number of derelict homes (Reference 1).
The partnership has stated that more than 600 new homes have been built, with 600 existing properties refurbished. The project aims to create 1000 new homes and is scheduled to be completed in 2020 (Reference 6, 8).

This NBS involved the reconstruction of two of the total of four lakes/ponds at the Iron Fountain (Železná studnička) and was one of the project sites undertaken by the Bratislava Zelenaj project. (7, 8, 10) The location served as a recreational and relaxing spot for locals and tourists. To undertake the reconstruction, the two lakes/ponds no. 3 and no. 4 had to be discharged. Upon doing so many species of fish were found, including carp, caras, catfish, rabbitfish, toothpick, lure or amur, and also bivalve molluscs and troughs. Reconstruction of water reservoirs (ponds) no. 3 and no. 4 were implemented by the City of Bratislava within the framework of the project in cooperation with the Monumental Office of the Slovak Republic and the Municipal Forests company. (9, 11, 20)