1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Mexico City
Region
Latin America and the Caribbean
Short description of the intervention
The Xochimilco borough of Mexico City is a World Heritage and Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System wetland site, with significant cultural and ecological importance in food cultivation and water ecosystem (1). Due to the deterioration of the area and lack of top-down initiatives for the restoration and conservation of the area, a number of grassroots initiatives trying to revive the traditional chinampa cultivation and restore the natural state of the ecosystem function and its native species such as the Xochimilco axolotl through reinvigorating sustainable practices that produce quality food and foster water supply. This NBS introduces 3 such grassroot intiatives: (a) Cooperativa Chinampayolo (b) Restauración Ecológica y Desarrollo A.C. (REDES) with its EcoQuilitl producer-consumer network and (c) Umbral Axochiatl A.C. (local community organisation). (1)
Address

Mexico City
Mexico

Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
unknown
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
- Improving the restoration of ecosystem services and the social-hydrological resilience of the Xochimilco borough in Mexico City by relying on traditional food cultivation (1)
- Revival of the chinampa (floating garden) ancient water-saving agriculture practices used in wetlands using place attachment and cultural heritage (1,2)
- Creation of a value-added market for chinampa cultivators (1)
1) Cooperativa Chinamayolo:
- To recover both traditional agriculture and to generate innovative processes with agroecological and sustainable crops (3)
- To preserve the Chinampera culture through community organization, inherited knowledge, maintaining the Chinampa identity and respect for the present and future life of the lake ecosystem (3)
2) REDES - Network of Ecological Restoration and Development
- Raise awareness and the environmental knowledge of locals on traditional agriculture practices through workshops and volunteer program and eco toursim programs (4)
- Support the ecological restoration of the wetland area of the Xochimilco borough
- Creation of a market for cinampa producers (4)
3) Umbral Axochiatl -
- Conservation and restoration of the lake area by working articulated with different academic institutions, government and external social organizations, local or the chinampera area, maintaining close collaboration with main actors (5)
Quantitative targets
Unknown
Monitoring indicators defined
Unknown
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
The initiative includes three different projects with different starting and ending dates (Ref. 1):
1) Cooperativa Chinampayolo- Weekly market for the traditionally cultivated food products (3)
2) REDES
- Organisation of tours where visitors can see and learn more about the traditional agroecological practice of chinampas (4)
- Organisation of volunteering days focusing on the conservation of native fauna and flora and support for traditional Chinampera and mountain agriculture (4)
- Organisation of workshops and courses on agroecological techniques, small-scale agriculture and on ecotechnics for producers, students and tourists (4)
3) Umbral Axochiatl
- Development of low-cost sustainable agriculture technology, reducing the use of chemicals, easy to manage and safe for people (4)
- Offering a variety of recreational and specialized activities for ecotourism (4)
- Research in a biological station on the reproduction, maintenance and conservation of the Axolotl, native to this area (4)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
In-land wetlands, peatlands, swamps, and moors
Green areas for water management
Other
Please specify "other green areas for water management"
chinampas (floating gardens)
What is the level of innovation / development of the NBS related to water management?
Vegetation Type
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Water purification / filtration
Habitat and supporting services
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Cultural services
Tourism
Recreation
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Researchers, university
Citizens or community groups
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
"The groups that have formed to support the protection of the water ecosystem service of the Xochimilco borough have slightly different structures.
(a) Cooperativa Chinampayolo is a producers cooperative initiated by an activist academic
(b) REDES is a civil association created by academics, which houses a producers group EcoQuilitl and other initiatives and
(c) Umbral Axochiatl is a civil association, which is a local organisation and founding member of the Federación Indigena Empresarial y Comunidades Locales de México (Indigenous, Entrepreneurial and Local Communities of Mexico) and supporting producers is one of its core projects. All of these organisations involve producers (chinamperos) and academics with interests in ecosystem restoration." (1 p35)
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Researchers/university
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
No
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The issues addressed by the initiatives are also mentioned in CDMX Master Plan and Water Resilience Strategy for the Heritage Zone the Xochimilco area is located in and the new program of Mexico City's Payment for Environmental Services (PES) also focused on particular conservation. (1)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
CDMX Master Plan, Water Resilience Strategy
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
chinampas (floating gardens) with crops
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The 3 grass root initiatives introduced share values and there are some informal relationships among them, however, the work separately along their own agenda and program (1).
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
This NBS project has been studied in the context of the Naturvation research project (1).
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The City of Mexico has a Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) program financing ecosystem restoration and conservation practices (1)
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Minimal funding was involved in the initiation and maintenance of the initiatives, small grants obtained by supporting NGOs/universities. (amount unknown)
Please specify other source of funding
Universities
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify technological innovation
The innovation of the interventions primary relies in their attempt to revitalize the ancient traditional food cultivation practice of chinampa as an answer to ecosystem restoration and social-ecological resilience building in broad area of Mexcio City (1)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The traditional chinapma cultivation is an ancient traditional agricultural practice that characterized the pre-colonial food cultivation in the Mexican lake area (2) Therefore, the innovation itself has been present for centuries but lost focus and significance and recently been revitalized (2)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Both Cooperativa Chinampayolo, REDES and Umbral Axochiatl are working for the conservation of the Xochimilco wetland thus contributing to its wide environmental impacts:
- Secure the Xochimilco pond's water supplier, purifier and flood regulator role in the Mexico City area
- "Xochimilco acts now as a vehicle for flood mitigation, as a detention or storage pond absorbing excess water" (1 p40)
- Chinampas do not harm the local wetland ecosystem (1)
REDES impact:
- With the creation of 22 rainwater harvesting systems and 13 dry toilets, the sanitation has been enabled in agricultural areas and the access in quantity and quality has also improved (4)
Umbral Axochiatl:
- With a biological station in the Xochimilco area, the reproduction and observation of the Xochimilco axolotl is promoted among other amphibians such as the black frog (Rana montezumae), the acocil (Cambarellus montezumae), the charal (Chirostoma jardani) are supported (5)
Description of economic benefits
- The initiatives created value-added markets for the food and crops cultivated on chinampas, thus supporting traditional chinampa producers (1)
- "... chinampa produce is finding adherents among an environmentally conscious middle class" (1 p40)
- "Chinampa produce markets are becoming increasingly common and restaurants are proud to serve them." According to a study, in 2018 20 of Mexico City's best restaurants used fruits and vegetables coming from chinampas (1)
REDES economic impacts:
- Encouraged 100 producers from Xochimilco to change their paradigms and venture into fair market and short value chain schemes, so that they become mini-agricultural entrepreneurs. (4)
- Formation of three groups of producers (EcoQuilitl, Ecoturismo Atlapulco and RPP) with 20 producers to transform their production into agro-ecological and sought new value-added markets (4)
Description of social and cultural benefits
- With the creation of pop-up markets where customers buy the products directly from the producers, the customer-producer relationship has improved and customers knowledge on chinampa cultivation has increased (1)
- With the creation sites, thematic tours in the chinapma cultivation, voluneering opportunities and workshops for locals and visitors, participants' environmental knowledge of the local ecosystem has increased and their sense of-belonging fostered (1)
REDES social impacts:
- With the installation of dry toilets the sanitation of agricultural land has improved contributing better livability (4)
Umbral Axochiatl social impacts:
- With offering alternative tourism packages, visitors have a recreational opportunity that also increases their environmental knowledge on the ecosystem of the Xochimilco wetland (5)
- Through capacity building chinampa cultivators learn more about eco-agriculture practices and organic food production (5)
- Through environmental education programs, local are taught about the importance of the wetland ecosystem (5)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of April of 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1) 1) Astbury, J. (2018). NATURVATION - Case Study Working Paper: Mexcio City, Mexico
2) Fagan, L. (2019). Ancient Aztec chinampas hold promise for urban agriculture. Sustainability Times. Accessed on April 7, 2021. https://www.sustainability-times.com/clean-cities/ancient-aztec-chinampas-hold-promise-for-urban-agriculture/
3) liiise.org. (n.a.). Chinampayolo. Observatorio La Rábida de Desarrollo Sostenible y Cambio Climático para Iberoamérica. Accessed on April 7, 2021, http://liiise.org/iniciativa/chinampayolo/
4) REDES. (n.a.). What we do. REDES - Restauración Ecológica y Desarrollo, A.C. Accessed on April 7, 2021, http://www.redesmx.org/quehacemos_en.html
5) Umbral Axochiatl. (n.a.). Ecology, culture and development with identity. Accessed on April 7, 2021, https://axochiatl3.wixsite.com/umbral-axochiatl
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Traditional cultivation practices in Xochimilco borough
Traditional cultivation practices in Xochimilco borough
Source: http://liiise.org/iniciativa/chinampayolo/
Image
Traditional cultivation practices in Xochimilco borough
Traditional cultivation practices in Xochimilco borough
Source: http://www.redesmx.org/productos_en.html