1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Phoenix (FUA)
Region
Northern America
Short description of the intervention
Over the past two decades, as Phoenix’s population has surged since the 1990s, large expanses of farmland have been paved over to make way for urban development. This transformation has increasingly disconnected the city from its agricultural roots. In 2000, Janna Anderson recognized a growing need for local farms to strengthen their ties with the community and for increased access to fresh, locally sourced produce. With a vision to reconnect the community with its agricultural heritage, she purchased a historic orchard property in southern Phoenix, near South Mountain, in 2011. The property, which included a 1918 adobe home, was transformed into a thriving mixed-fruit orchard.
At Pinnacle Farms, Janna planted over 1,200 trees, including peaches, apricots, and rare Maktoom Dates, which were brought to the U.S. from Iraq in 1910. These heritage crops have unique flavors and textures not commonly found in grocery stores. In 2015, the farm became certified organic, underscoring Janna’s commitment to sustainable farming practices. Her focus is on cultivating varieties that are uniquely suited to the arid Southwest climate, using methods that conserve water and promote soil health.
Janna’s approach to farming also highlights the potential of heritage varieties to support food security in the desert. By growing these rare and resilient crops, she not only preserves biodiversity but also brings attention to how such practices can contribute to a more sustainable, local food system. Pinnacle Farms serves as a living reminder of Phoenix’s agricultural history, a place where fertile soil and sustainable farming practices continue to thrive. The farm embodies the deep agricultural roots of the region, connecting Phoenix’s past to its future and proving that the city’s rich farming tradition is far from lost. (1, 2, 6, 8)
Implementation area characterization
Ecosystem
Address

8841 S 27th Ave
Phoenix, 85339
United States

Area boundary (map-based)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Source: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pinnacle+Farm+South/@33.3657277,-112.1163901,382m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x872b1096ed85a617:0xe3ef689380d48afd!8m2!3d33.3649365!4d-112.1168318!16s%2Fg%2F11gf972mwz!5m2!1e2!1e4?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MTEwNi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
Total area
28328.00m²
NBS area
28328.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2000
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2011
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Objectives of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The goals of Pinnacle Farms was to:

To restore the abandoned historic orchard property and revitalize its agricultural potential.
To preserve and promote the agricultural diversity of the desert Southwest.
To employ sustainable farming practices that conserve natural resources and promote environmental health.
To plant species uniquely suited to the arid climate, enhancing resilience and adaptability.
To grow heritage varieties of plants, showcasing their potential to promote food security in the desert while using resources more efficiently.
To serve as a representative for women in agriculture, inspiring others through leadership and example.
To provide accessible, healthy food to the local community, fostering a connection between people and sustainable agriculture.
To plant ancient grains and heritage crops, increasing plant biodiversity and preserving valuable agricultural history. (1-5, 7)
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities and NBS focus
Implementation activities
Pinnacle Farms aimed to address several problems: land degradation, food insecurity, biodiversity loss, a lack of access to sustainable agriculture, and the community disconnect with heritage crops (1, 3-7, 9-11).

To implement the vision and plan for the intervention, several key activities were carried out. First, the 2.83-hectare abandoned historic orchard property was purchased, marking the beginning of the project (1). The land was then re-developed into a thriving mixed fruit orchard, with over 1,200 trees planted, including varieties suited to the desert climate (1). Ancient grains and heritage crops such as I'itoi onions, Tohono O'odham squashes, Maktoom Dates, and Rio Bavispe pinto beans were also planted to preserve traditional farming methods and increase biodiversity (1). To make fresh, healthy produce more accessible, a self-serve produce stand was opened at the farm, allowing the local community to purchase food directly from the farm (2-3). In 2015, the farm became certified as a CCOF organic farm, further demonstrating a commitment to sustainable farming practices (3, 10).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Community gardens and allotments
Horticulture
Amenities offered by the NBS
Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS
There is a part of the farm that she rents out for camping opportunities (15).
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Demographics in implementation area
Pinnacle Farms is located in South Phoenix, an area highly affected by the urban heat island effect (16). Additionally, food insecurity is a pressing issue in South Phoenix, with 18 of the city's 43 identified food deserts located there (17). The average age of residents in the nearby area is between 25-54 (18). Over 60 percent of the nearby residents identify as a minority group, primarily hispanic (18). The households in the area are mostly family households with an average median income ranging between 50,000 and 149,999 USD (18).


Socio-economic profile of the area
Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts
Yes
Specification of climate or environmentally vulnerable communities
Non-government actors
Citizens or community groups
Specify primary beneficiaries
Citizens or community groups: Residents of phoenix can stop by the farm Monday through Friday to purchase fresh organic produce (2-3).

Food producers and cultivators (i.e. farmers, gardeners): Pinnacle farms started growing sorghum for a dairy farmers in Phoenix (10).
Marginalized groups
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Citizens or community groups: Janna Anderson a first-generation farmer and is primary actor in the initiative as she started and runs the farm with her family (1, 3-6, 8-11).
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Unknown
Level of citizen and community engagement
Community empowerment or capacity-building initiatives
Participatory methods/forms of stakeholder involvement (all stakeholders)
Uncommon actors ("Missing actors")
Land owners
Please specify other landowner
Privately owned (1).
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers & Barriers
Please provide details (e.g, name of the plan or strategy) for the selected policies or initiatives.
Citizens or community groups: Janna Anderson a first-generation farmer and is primary actor in the initiative as she started and runs the farm with her family (1, 3-6, 8-11).
Governace and decison-making instruments
Arrangements for governance cooperation
Barriers
Pinnacle Farms is just one of the many local farms under constant threat from urbanization. Recently, the city has stated plans to take out 6-10 meters of the front portion of her property for a sewage drain pipe (8). This plan would would take out her navel oranges, grapes and a historic Matkoom date palm tree bought from Iraq in 1910 (8).
Financing
Total cost
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown.
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown.
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Entrepreneurship opportunities
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Impacts, benefits
Please specify other environmental impact
Restoration of heritage species: "The last few years, she’s enjoyed fulfilling a niche for ancient grains and will
continue to grow heritage varieties as the market evolves." (10).
Description of environmental benefits
1. Restoration of derelict areas: "The historic orchard property in Laveen came with a falling down 1918 adobe home, abandoned for many years prior. Now known as Pinnacle Farms South, I purchased the property in 2011, and it is re-developed into a mixed fruit orchard." (1)
2. Increased number of species present: "Now known as Pinnacle Farms South, I purchased the property in 2011, and it is re-developed into a mixed fruit orchard with over 1200 trees, including peaches and rare Maktoom Dates brought from Iraq in 1910 (which were one of the few living things left after the years of neglect.) In homage to Phoenix's agricultural past, I replanted the citrus orchard in the front of the property with lemons, grapefruits and oranges and mandarins." (1)
Environmental impact indicators
Total number of vascular plant species protected or introduced
6 (1, 6-7, 12).
Green space area created (in ha)
2.83 (1)
Description of economic benefits
1. Increase in agricultural production (for profit or not): "Now known as Pinnacle Farms South, I purchased the property in 2011, and it is re-developed into a mixed fruit orchard with over 1200 trees, including peaches and rare Maktoom Dates brought from Iraq in 1910 (which were one of the few living things left after the years of neglect.) In homage to Phoenix's agricultural past, I replanted the citrus orchard in the front of the property with lemons, grapefruits and oranges and mandarins." (1)
2. Generation of income from NBS: "Anderson is the owner and primary operator of Pinnacle Farms. She grows several types of crops on this 40 acre plot of land just outside of the Phoenix metro area, including heritage varieties of produce. A niche market, but it’s a business model that she said gives her an edge." (13)
Social and cultural impact indicators
Number of community events, gatherings, or volunteer activities organized in green spaces
1 (16)
Number of species of locally produced food harvested (in urban gardens, community orchards, or agroforestry plots)
16+ (1, 4-6)
Area allocated for sustainable food production (ha)
2.83 (1)
Description of social and cultural benefits
1. Increased access to healthy/affordable food: "The 1200 tree orchard is nestled at the base of South Mountain and the self serve farm stand has a smattering of unique offerings during the season. Stop by and check it out especially during peach season!" (2)
2. Increased sustainability of agriculture practices: " Now known as Pinnacle Farms South, it became certified organic in 2015, and is slowly re-developing into a wonderful fruit orchard with many different varieties." (3)
3. Increased visibility and opportunity for marginalised groups or indigenous peoples: "Anderson owns 57 acres of farm land in total, and they all make up Pinnacle Farms. She is part of the growing number of women farmers in Arizona." (7)
4. Increased awareness of flora and fauna as culturally and historically meaningful: "Just last week, I harvested some beautiful rare Navajo Red Watermelons and it’s so gratifying to know you have participated in preserving the diversity of the food system by helping to provide the seed for people and discussion as to why it should be preserved." (11)
5. Protection of historic and cultural landscape / infrastructure: "The historic orchard property in Laveen came with a falling down 1918 adobe home, abandoned for many years prior. Now known as Pinnacle Farms South, I purchased the property in 2011, and it is re-developed into a mixed fruit orchard." (1)
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
No
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown.
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Cost-benefit analysis
Unknown
Transparency
Justice
Description of locals satisfaction with the project
-"I may be slightly biased as Pinnacle Farms was my real introduction to what farming is and looks like here in AZ. I worked with Janna for just over a decade and am happy to be buying her produce nowadays!
Just the cutest property with amazing historic elements, adorable spaces to rent out for an overnight stay or event, and orchards to gawk at and harvest from in the right seasons." (14)
-'Cool little farm, tucked away off the main road. Fresh veggies and fruits and eggs, walk up and pay in the cash box, there's a camera for integrity. The owner has been there for years, help support his business by checking them out. There's also fresh honey and jarred goods as well." (14)
Trade-offs & Negative impacts
Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement
High-quality & Transformative NBS
Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community)
No
Goal setting and impacts delivery
In the planning phase, the project aimed to address issues in all 3 key priority areas, but impacts were not delivered in all three key areas.
Reaching original project goals
Please specify the achievements of the project goals
Biodiversity:
1. Restoration of derelict areas: "The historic orchard property in Laveen came with a falling down 1918 adobe home, abandoned for many years prior. Now known as Pinnacle Farms South, I purchased the property in 2011, and it is re-developed into a mixed fruit orchard." (1)
2. Increased number of species present: "Now known as Pinnacle Farms South, I purchased the property in 2011, and it is re-developed into a mixed fruit orchard with over 1200 trees, including peaches and rare Maktoom Dates brought from Iraq in 1910 (which were one of the few living things left after the years of neglect.) In homage to Phoenix's agricultural past, I replanted the citrus orchard in the front of the property with lemons, grapefruits and oranges and mandarins." (1)
Restoration of heritage species: "The last few years, she’s enjoyed fulfilling a niche for ancient grains and will
continue to grow heritage varieties as the market evolves." (10).
Social justice and community:
1. Increased access to healthy/affordable food: "The 1200 tree orchard is nestled at the base of South Mountain and the self serve farm stand has a smattering of unique offerings during the season. Stop by and check it out especially during peach season!" (2)
2. Increased sustainability of agriculture practices: " Now known as Pinnacle Farms South, it became certified organic in 2015, and is slowly re-developing into a wonderful fruit orchard with many different varieties." (3)
3. Increased visibility and opportunity for marginalised groups or indigenous peoples: "Anderson owns 57 acres of farm land in total, and they all make up Pinnacle Farms. She is part of the growing number of women farmers in Arizona." (7)
4. Increased awareness of flora and fauna as culturally and historically meaningful: "Just last week, I harvested some beautiful rare Navajo Red Watermelons and it’s so gratifying to know you have participated in preserving the diversity of the food system by helping to provide the seed for people and discussion as to why it should be preserved." (11)
5. Protection of historic and cultural landscape / infrastructure: "The historic orchard property in Laveen came with a falling down 1918 adobe home, abandoned for many years prior. Now known as Pinnacle Farms South, I purchased the property in 2011, and it is re-developed into a mixed fruit orchard." (1)
Long-term perspective
Yes
Cost-effective solutions
Unknown
Equitable impacts
Perception of Environmental Change
Unknown
References
1.
Pinnacle Farms (n.d.). About Pinnacle Farms. [Source link] [Archive];
2.
Good Food Finder (n.d.). Phoenix Pinnacle Farms. [Source link] [Archive];
3.
CCOF (n.d.). Pinnacle Farms. [Source link] [Archive];
4.
Pinnacle Farms (n.d.). Meet the Farmette. [Source link] [Archive];
5.
FarmHer (2020). First Generation FarmHer Feeding Her Arizona Community. [Source link] [Archive];
6.
Malloy, C. (2019). Elegy for a Fruit-Treed Laveen Farm Near South Mountain. [Source link] [Archive];
7.
ZETINO, G. (2018). Arizona leads nation in proportion of female farmers. [Source link] [Archive];
8.
Davis, E (n.d.). 'A raging crisis': Metro Phoenix is losing its family farms and local food sources. [Source link] [Archive];
9.
Arizona Farm Bureau (2014). Meet Arizona Agriculture's Janna Anderson. [Source link] [Archive];
10.
Murphree, J. (2014). A Conversation with a Beginner Farmer: Janna Anderson. [Source link] [Archive];
11.
Natural Awakenings (n.d.). Phoenix Female Farmer: Turning Adversity to Opportunity: Janna Anderson started Pinnacle Farms when she purchased a Phoenix citrus orchard in 2011.. [Source link] [Archive];
12.
RFD TV (2020). FarmHer Janna Anderson Makes Her Mark in Phoenix. [Source link] [Archive];
13.
Jung, C. (2016). Women Move Up The Ranks Of Arizona's Agriculture Industry. [Source link] [Archive];
14.
(n.d.). Pinnacle Farm Reviews. [Source link] [Archive];
15.
Pinnacle Farms (n.d.). Events and Camping . [Source link] [Archive];
16.
Estes, C (2021). Phoenix Pledges Tree Equity For All Neighborhoods By 2030. [Source link] [Archive];
17.
Totiyapungprasert, P. (n.d.). They're reimagining the future of food in south Phoenix. Here's how you can be a part of it. [Source link] [Archive];
18.
Maricopa Association of Governments (n.d.). Arizona Demographics . [Source link] [Archive];
Comments and notes
Comments
There is almost no information publicly regarding the governance and financing of the farm so most answers are unknown.
Public Images
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An overview of the restored mixed fruit orchard at Pinnacle Farms.
The orchard at Pinnacle Farms.
Pinnacle Farms.
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An overview of the farm stand at Pinnacle Farms available for the public
The Pinnacle Farms farmstand stands in Laveen
Chris Malloy
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