1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Zaragoza
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Huertas Life Km0
Short description of the intervention
"The HUERTAS LIFE KM0 project aims to recover the natural peri-urban Gardens of Zaragoza through the promotion of a ‘zero kilometre’ (km0) concept of local agricultural production. It expects to demonstrate a successful approach for implementing the European Territorial Strategy (ETS), delivering economic, social, health and environmental benefits. " (ref 4) in peri-urban green areas that have been neglected (Ref. 4).
Address

Zaragoza
Spain

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
Peri-urban green areas that have been neglected (Ref. 4)
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2013
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2013
End date of the intervention
2016
Present stage of the intervention
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
According to project website the intervention was scheduled to be completed in December of 2016.
Goals of the intervention
The NBS aimed to create a sustainable model of local productivity that would (Ref. 4):
- Increase non-intensive cultivation of plots of land in the Gardens of Zaragoza;
- Halt the environmental degradation of this area, remediate and improve soil fertility, regenerate the natural environmental system, and protect local biodiversity;
- Deliver an increase in quality, autochthonous and traditional varieties of fruits and vegetables for sale locally; and
- Promote a km0 concept of agricultural production, reducing the ecological footprint of food consumption of the city
Quantitative targets
Creation of new farms in the Gardens of Zaragoza with plots from 1 to 5 ha;
Increase in the number of certified organic farmers in Zaragoza from 4 to 25;
Increased production of autochthonous and traditional varieties of fruits and vegetables for sale locally;
Creation of a point for direct sales of these products in at least one municipal market, 10 greengrocers and five restaurants;
Involvement of at least 30 restaurants in an awareness and information campaign;
Reduction of CO2 emissions by some 32% through the transition to organic farming;
Avoidance of some 30 tonnes of CO2 from reduced transport of fruit and vegetables;
Creation of at least 25 jobs in local agriculture; and
Monitoring and improvement of 500 m of ecologic corridors.
(Ref. 3)

Draws from LIFE projects and concepts of combating climate change through farming. (Ref.3)
Monitoring indicators defined
Number of new farms; number of certified farmers; CO2 reduction; kg of produced and locally sold food; number of jobs created; km ecologic corridor; number of restaurants involved in awareness and information campaigns. (Ref 3)
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
- Provide training and technical assistance to entrepreneurs who want to develop a business in local non-intensive farming (Ref. 4)
- Support the creation of urban allotments in which individuals can grow their own fruit and vegetables (Ref. 4)
- Promote locally-produced organic products amongst consumers and retail outlets in Zaragoza (Ref. 4)
- Monitor and improve ecological corridors (Ref. 4)
- Create a management body to support the ongoing development of local organic farming, including representatives of the City Council, farmers, research institutions and consumers. (Ref. 4)

- Environmental intervention in the Huerta de Zaragoza (Ref.1)
- Creation of Huertas LIFE network (Ref. 1)
- Encourage the natural farming of native species (Ref.1)
- Delimitation of the plots suitable for cultivation existing in the Huerta de Zaragoza (Ref.1)
- Adjustment of a plot for the experimental planting of natural crops (Ref.1)
- Modeling of the farming: "Huerta LIFE Km0" (Ref.1)
- Promotion of new entrepreneurial farmers (Ref.1)
- Training in the "Escuela Agrícola Verde Km0" (Ref.1)
- Support for the creation of Urban Gardens
- Awareness Plan and dissemination of "Products Km0" among citizens (Ref.1)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Green corridors and green belts
Community gardens and allotments
Allotments
Community gardens
Horticulture
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
Unknown
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Regulating services
Air quality regulation
Carbon storage/sequestration
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Physical and experiential interactions with plants and animals
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Please specify other local relevant strategy
Sustainable development plan/ strategy (Ref. 3)-- Marco Estratégico Zaragoza 2020, which includes a 'sustainable city' component and raises support for agriculture (Ref.3); Agenda 21, 2000 (Ref. 3, Proposal, p.3 of 109); LIFE 12, European Union Project (Ref.1). The LIFE network is a funding scheme from the European Union to support environmental and sustainable development projects. For Zaragoza, this involved the Orchard network as a green ring around the city. (Ref. 3)

Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza (City Council of Zaragoza) was the planner of the project The horticulture citizen groups consulted during the planning. (Ref 1)
Funding from EU (Ref. 1,3)
Universities and various groups/ collectives supported project (Ref. 1,7)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
EU body
Local government/municipality
Researchers/university
Citizens or community group
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Yes
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
The project expects to demonstrate a successful approach for implementing the European Territorial Strategy (ETS), delivering economic, social, health and environmental benefits. " (Ref. 4)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Agenda 21, 2000 (Ref. 3, Proposal, p.3 of 109)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Agenda 21, 2000 (Ref. 3)
Marco Estratégico Zaragoza 2020, which includes a 'sustainable city' component and raises support for agriculture (Ref.3)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
Urban orchards with fruits and legumes and traditional local varieties (Ref. 3)

Peri-urban green areas; fruits and vegetables (Ref. 4) food (Ref 3)
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
LIFE 12, European Union Project (Ref.1). The LIFE network is a funding scheme from the European Union to support environmental and sustainable development projects. For Zaragoza, this involved the Orchard network as a green ring around the city. (Ref. 3)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Part of EU regional project, LIFE funding scheme. The LIFE network is a funding scheme from the European Union to support environmental and sustainable development projects. For Zaragoza, this involved the Orchard network as a green ring around the city. (ref 3)
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
1 759 098
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Total budget 1 759 098 euro (Ref. 3)
European Union contribution: 729 955 euro (Ref.3)
Non-financial contribution
No
Please specify other Business model
Local agricultural production/Peri-urban regeneration & sustainable consumption/ production (Ref. 4)
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
The network of gardens, increasing the green area around the city and viable cultivation surface is an effort to recover the city's lost agricultural land and promote citizen participation and benefit. Thus, in its implementation structure the intervention involves innovation n the methods of planning and in the benefits of local agriculture it seeks to promote. (Ref.3)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Draws from LIFE projects and concepts of combating climate change through farming. (Ref.3)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Transferability not mentioned.
Project presented at the 2015 Congress of European Cities for Agroecology held in Zaragoza. (Ref. 5)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
- Helped recover fertile land located around city of Zaragoza for producing fruits and legumes for consumption in the city (Ref. 4)
- Developed eco-farming model, determining 127 traditional varieties of vegetables, setting apart at least 5% of plot for biodiversity reserves (Ref. 4)
- Recovery of 26 ha for agro-ecological cultivation of proximity products (Ref. 4)
- Lowered CO2 emissions (Ref. 4)
-Draws from LIFE projects and concepts of combating climate change through farming. (Ref.3)
-Project presented at the 2015 Congress of European Cities for Agroecology held in Zaragoza. (Ref. 5)

Description of economic benefits
Creation of 12 enterprises and 22 new jobs (Ref. 4)
Vegetables grown by eco-farmers are sold in a range of markets in Zaragoza (Ref. 4)
Description of social and cultural benefits
'Green school' established and 62 people trained in eco-farming (Ref. 4)
Project activities disseminated in schools, farming sector, restaurant sector, and general public (Ref. 4)
European AgroEcoCities Network established (Ref. 4)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Varieties of vegetables; % of land for biodiversity reserves; # ha for agro-ecological cultivation; CO2 emissions; # of jobs/ businesses created; education/training provided; public awareness resources provided (Ref. 4)
-- Developed eco-farming model, determining 127 traditional varieties of vegetables, setting apart at least 5% of plot for biodiversity reserves (Ref. 4)
-Creation of 12 enterprises and 22 new jobs (Ref. 4)
-'Green school' established and 62 people trained in eco-farming (Ref. 4)


Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Bird monitoring using SACRE methodology; CO2 emissions valuation through computer tool; emissions calculation for substitution of commercial vs. local product consumption (Ref. 3)
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of 3 September 2020
Methods of impact monitoring
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Bird monitoring using SACRE methodology; CO2 emissions valuation through computer tool; emissions calculation for substitution of commercial vs. local product consumption; surveys supported by CATI (computer-assisted telephone interview) tool (Ref. 3)
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Yes
Please specify
Follow-up meetings for the implementation process in 2014, and December 2015 (Ref. 2).
References
List of references
1. Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza. (n.d.). Huertas LIFE Km0. Available at: https://www.zaragoza.es/ciudad/medioambiente/huertas [Accessed: 3 September 2020].

2. CERAI. (2015). Reunión de seguimiento del proyecto Huertas Life km 0. Available at: https://cerai.org/reunion-de-seguimiento-del-proyecto-huertas-life-km-0/ [Accessed 3 September 2020].

3. European Commission. (2013). Proposal LIFE12 ENV/ES/000919 "Recuperacion medioambiental de espacios periurbanos mediante la intervencion en el ecosystema y la ecologia." Available at: http://www.zaragoza.es/contenidos/medioambiente/HUERTASLIFEKM0.pdf [Accessed 3 September 2020].

4. European Union. (2013). HUERTAS LIFE KM0 - Environmental recovery of peri-urban areas through the intervention in the ecosystem and ecological farming. Huertas LIFE Km0. [Document provided].

5. Heraldo Espana. (2016). Huertas Life reúne a más de 150 personas de toda Europa. Available at: http://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/zaragoza-provincia/zaragoza/2016/12/13/huertas-life-reune-mas-150-personas-toda-europa-1147879-301.html [Accessed 3 September 2020].

6. Biot, Valerie. (2014). Territorial scenarios and Vision: towards EU 2050. European Union. Available at: http://www.esponontheroad.eu/dane/web_articles_files/2082/biot_territorial_scenarios_and_vision.pdf [Accessed 3 September 2020].

7. Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza. (n.d.). Huertas LIFE Km0. Presentation. [Document provided].

8. Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza (2014). ACTA DE SESiÓN DE TRABAJO. [Document provided].

9. Huertas Life Km 0 (n.d.). Huertas Life Km 0. Facebook page. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/HuertasLifeKm0/ [Accessed 3 September 2020].
Comments and notes
Additional insights
2020 comments :
(Unable to determine source for this information – originally listed in S6. Indicators, Ref. 3 listed – but info not found in ref. 3)
- Have "Parcela Zero" (Plot Zero) ready by the end of the first year for experimental use.
- 32% reduction of CO2 through the transition from traditional agriculture to ecological agriculture in Plot Zero.
- Diminishing CO2 emissions in Plot Zero through the avoidance of transport of products to their place of sale and consumption to a total of 30 Tm of CO2 per year for the whole garden network.
- Number of monthly visitors to the experimental Plot Zero
-methods used to evaluate impacts link describes the methodology, but not the related data/ impacts. Nevertheless, it is added there as relevant.
Public Images
Image
Huertas Urbanos Zaragoza
Source: Ref. 3
Image
Huertas LIFE Km0, Follow-Up Meeting
Source: Ref. 2, by Zaragoza City Council
Image
Huertas LIFE 1
Source: Ref. 9
Image
Huertas LIFE 2
Source: Ref. 9