1. General information Location and description of the intervention City or FUA Lima (FUA) Region Latin America and the Caribbean Native title of the NBS intervention Proyecto EbA Lomas - Área de Conservación Regional Lomas de Lima Short description of the intervention Lomas are endemic seasonal ecosystems found in Peru and Chile. They provide a variety of benefits such as soil stabilisation, air purification, recreational spaces, water retention, and are habitats for endemic and threatened species (Ref 7). They are of great ecosystem value to the city of Lima, as green areas have been reduced in the urban area, occupying up to 24% of urban green ecosystems. These ecosystems are threatened by unplanned urban growth, traffic, pollution and lack of government regulation. Given this context, Eab Lomas is a project that focuses on the conservation, management and rehabilitation of the ecosystems found in the Lomas of Lima (Ref 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). It focused on 4 lines of action: conservation of Lomas' ecosystems; implementation of territorial planning; economic diversification focused on the conservation and recovery of vegetation through low-impact recreational activities; and management of water resources (Ref 1, 2, 3, 4). Website of the intervention https://www.undp.org/es/peru/proyectos/eba-lomas Principal problems Environmental Degradation Biodiversity loss Deforestation and forest degradation Physical water retention and availability Land use and Socio-economic change Rapid urbanization Implementation area characterization Climate Arid (Desert, Steppe) Ecosystem Other Please specify other ecosystem Coastal Lomas Address Distrito de Villa María del Triunfo Villa María del Triunfo, Lima Peru Location The NBS is a city-wide initiative, the GIS point marks the centre of the city Area boundary (map-based) Area description Urban (main city) Other urban area outside city center (e.g. another municipality in the FUA, commuting zone) Periurban (both urban and rural environments are present) Type of area before implementation of the NBS Agricultural area or farmland Natural Heritage Area/Untouched nature Public Greenspace Area Sea coast (e.g. dunes, beach) Timeline of intervention Start date of the intervention (planning process) 2016 Start date of intervention (implementation process) 2019 End date of the intervention 2021 Present stage of the intervention Completed 2. Objectives of the intervention Objectives of the intervention Goals of the intervention The main goal of the project is to protect, conserve and sustainably manage Lomas ecosystems in the province of Lima (Ref 2, 7). Specific goals: - To ensure ecosystem conservation and land use/ occupation control (Ref 1) - To contribute to the integrated management and protection of Lomas ecosystems in the Province of Lima (Ref 3) - To reduce the risks of the degradation of Lomas ecosystems in the Province of Lima (Ref 7) - To strengthen the capacity of local governments, the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima and SERNANP to plan and manage in a participatory manner the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of fragile Lomas ecosystems (Ref 7) - To create jobs and livelihoods through the sustainable management of natural resources, ecosystem services, food production, tourism, chemicals and waste management (Ref 3) - To strengthen local knowledge on climate variability and change, as well as the inclusion of women and youth in training and income-generating activities (Ref 2) Key Priorities Biodiversity (conservation and/or restoration) Social Justice and community Sustainability challenge(s) addressed Climate action for adaptation, resilience and mitigation (SDG 13) Climate change adaptation Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15) Green space creation and/or management Habitat and biodiversity restoration Habitat and biodiversity conservation Water management (SDG 6) Water security Health and well-being (SDG 3) Creation of opportunities for recreation Inclusive and effective governance (SDG 16) Inclusive governance Effective management Social justice, cohesion and equity (SDG 10) Environmental education Sense of community and community engagement Economic development and employment (SDG 8) Economic development: agriculture Economic development: industry Tourism support Employment/job creation Sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12) Sustainable production Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets? Implement measures that prevent/manage desertification, soil erosion and landslides Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets? Protect and restore coastal wetlands, mangroves and salt marshes, aiming at sequestering carbon dioxide and storing it in their soils Restore degraded forests thorough reforestation or ecological restoration to increase carbon storage in degraded forests (e.g. result of logging or fires) Implement sustainable forest management measures or protect existing old-growth forests to increase carbon sinks and/or protect existing carbon sinks. Halt desertification by restoring grasslands or other nature-based solutions Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention? Ecosystem-focused Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets? Preserve and strengthen existing habitats and ecosystems Reduce negative impacts and avoid the alteration/damage of ecosystem Undertake specific measures to protect native species Undertake specific measures to protect valued species Manage biological resources for conservation and sustainable use Public engagement Capacity building What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention? Ecosystem-focused What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets? Rehabilitate and restore damaged or destroyed ecosystems Restore species (native, endangered, or unspecified) Restore native species Public engagement Implementation activities and NBS focus Implementation activities The project included the following activities: Detailed characterisation of 14 Lomas (Ref 3) Technical and resource accompaniment and support (Ref 3) Delimitation and establishment of protected areas (Ref 3) Elaboration and approval of the Lomas Conservation Strategy and its Action Plan (Ref 3) Support local governments in the elaboration of management policies, including land use, zoning and planning, with conservation and ecosystem services criteria (Ref 3) Evaluate and strengthen public-private partnerships (Ref 3, 4) Design and implement the Restoration Plan for Degraded Lomas Areas (Ref 3) Identify low-impact sustainable practices for agriculture and pastoralism and train local farmers/pastoralists and mining concession holders in sustainable and low-impact practices (Ref 3, 4) Design and implementation of Investment Plan for tourism infrastructure (Ref 3) Elaboration of Monitoring Plan and establishment of monitoring sites for conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems (Ref 3, 4) Development and implementation of the communication strategy (paper and virtual) and the citizen mobilisation campaign with a gender and youth focus (Ref 3) Type of NBS project Ecological restoration of ecosystems Soil remediation and revegetation Protection of natural ecosystems Expansion of protected areas Habitat restoration Habitat conservation n.a.2 Creating nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, or biodiversity hotspots to conserve unique ecosystems Knowledge creation and awareness raising Educational and awareness raising programs Strategy, plan or policy development Implementation of city-wide or neighborhood initiatives focused on biodiverity protection (e.g. bee-friendly initiatives, butterfly protection, "Spring cleaning") Community-based programs (e.g. "Green Your Laneway Program") Improved governance of green or blue areas Establishment of inclusive governance mechanisms involving local communities Monitoring and maintenance of habitats and/or biodiversity Restoration and protection of ecosystems (including water ecosystems) Habitat mapping, restoration and monitoring-focused management 3. NBS domains, ES and scale NBS domain and interventions Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented Parks and urban forests Large urban parks or forests Green corridors and green belts Amenities offered by the NBS Educational and research amenities (nature protection centre, monitoring stations) Other Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS Ecotourism circuit Design elements for well-being Visual elements (e.g., expansive views, scenic views, natural light, diverse vegetation) Services Expected ecosystem services delivered Provisioning services Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes) Habitat and supporting services Habitats for species Cultural services Tourism Recreation Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational) Scale Spatial scale Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level Beneficiaries Demographics in implementation area 42,000 people in Metropolitan Lima benefited by the restoration and sustainable management of the lomas ecosystem. Direct beneficiaries: - 5 civil society ecotourism and hill defence associations, and a total of 85 associates. - 610 people providing sustainable and better quality tourism services. - 50 families benefiting from sustainable agriculture and livestock farming (Ref 3). Socio-economic profile of the area Unknown Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts Unknown Non-government actors Public sector institution (e.g. school or hospital) Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches Private sector/Corporate/Business Researchers, university Citizens or community groups Other Primary Beneficiaries Local government/Municipality Public sector institution (e.g. school or hospital) Citizens or community groups Food producers and cultivators (i.e. farmers, gardeners) Young people and children Marginalized groups Specify primary beneficiaries Community groups: Red de Lomas del Perú, Lomeras y Lomeros en Acción, Ecotourism organisations, and farmer communities (Ref 8), families living in the Lomas, pig farmers (Ref 3). Marginalized groups Children, young people or youth groups Women Measures for inclusion of marginalised groups The intervention has actively promoted women's local participation. Seventy per cent of the total membership of the Lomas del Paraíso Association, as well as about 70 per cent of the total beneficiaries of the economic activities of this intervention, are women. The activities in which they are involved are mainly associated with tara nursery, tuber filling, seed management and neighbourhood leadership. EbA Lomas has also involved young people in the activities associated with the nursery and administration. About 30% of the participants are between 19 and 29 years old, and have been involved in volunteer work in the nurseries, neighbourhood leadership, management of the ecotourism circuit and environmental aspects of the measures (Ref 2) Specify measures taken for vulnerable or marginalized communities Implementation of specific programs to address the needs of these communities Provision of resources tailored to the unique challenges faced by vulnerable or marginalized groups Other beneficiaries Native plant vegetation Endangered species (flora and fauna) Natural habitats (e.g. wetland, forests, coastal areas) Ecosystem services (e.g. improved air quality, water purification) 4. Governance and financing Governance Governance arrangements Co-governance with government and non-government actors Please specify other non-government actors involved Political International Organisation Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative United Nations Development Programme: Implementing organisation (2, 3, 5, 7), Co-financing entity (9) Asociación Circuito Ecoturístico Lomas de Paraíso, Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima: Co-implementig organisations (3) The Green European Foundation: Funding organisation (3, 4) Peruvian Ministry of the Environment: Strategic partner (1, 3, 4, 5) Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado: organisation attached to the Peruvian Ministry of the Environment (3, 5), Co-financing entity (9) Groups of ecotourism and Lomas protection associations (3) District Governments (3) Regional Government of Metropolitan Lima (3) Directorate of Education of Metropolitan Lima and the Ministry of Education: research activities (8) Key actors - initiating organization Local government/municipality EU body Multilateral organisation Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors) Local government/municipality Public sector institution Non-government organisation/civil society Citizens or community group Researchers/university Private sector/corporate actor/company Stages of citizen and community engagement Development of project proposal On-the-ground implementation Feedback during project implementation (e.g. review sessions) Monitoring and evaluation of project outcomes Level of citizen and community engagement High Community empowerment or capacity-building initiatives Implementation of educational programs, workshops or trainings Formation of community-led groups responsible for the the implementation, maintenace or monitoring of the project Support of local entrepreneurs or small business development related to the project Creation of collaborative decision-making processes that actively involve community members Establishment of mentorship programs or partnerships with local institutions (e.g. schools, kinder gardens, hospitals, nursing homes) Participatory methods/forms of stakeholder involvement (all stakeholders) Co-planning (e.g. stakeholder workshops, focus groups, participatory mapping) Taskforce groups Dissemination of information and education Consultation (e.g. workshop, surveys, community meetings, town halls) Uncommon actors ("Missing actors") Community & Social Groups Youth-led organizations/ citizens Women or Women's groups Activist groups (e.g. climate, environment, justice, etc) Public Services Schools Private Sector Farmers and fishery organisations or companies Local businesses (e.g. stores, restaurants) Land owners Private sector or company Public space owned by the city Policy drivers NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy Unknown NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan Unknown NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan Yes Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan" Metropolitan Urban Development Plan (Plan 2040) and the Lima Climate Change Plan (Ref 1) Conservation Strategy for Lomas de Lima (Metropolitan Environmental Agenda 2015-17 includes strategic action 2.2.4 which establishes the need for Lima's Municipality to work in Lomas) (Ref 3) Relevant strategy or plan City specific climate change policy or plan City specific green space strategy or plan Municipal / city level environmental plan or programme Urban redevelopment plan Mandatory or voluntary intervention Voluntary (spontaneous) Enablers & Barriers Type of enablers Change agents (individual with major role influence on launching) City network or regional partnerships focused on climate change, sustainability, GI or NBS in the city Funds, subsidies or investment for GI/NBS in the city (available for the city or provided by the city) Please provide details (e.g, name of the plan or strategy) for the selected policies or initiatives. Lima’s NBS interventions build on an array of strategies and policies that have been designed to face Lima's societal challenges in an integrated way. Most of these initiatives come under the umbrella of the Lima Ecological Infrastructure Plan (PEAIE) proposed in 2014; though not yet approved. Its approach is currently being integrated into the new Metropolitan Urban Development Plan (Plan 2040) and the Lima Climate Change Plan, focused on implementing the goals defined in the Paris Agreement. The Plan is supported by an “Ecosystem” strategy which integrates NBS to conserve the largest natural areas in metropolitan Lima and improve its resilience in the face of increasing temperatures, heat waves and water scarcity (Ref 1). In some cases, youth organisations promoted local projects to involve the population in the care and appreciation of the Lomas. Advocacy was carried out by the population itself and the interest in articulating themselves arose (Ref 8). The programme was based on the Lomas de Lima Metropolitan Programme, developed between 2011 and 2014, which brought together associations, environmental groups, specialists, students and laid the foundation stone for the articulated management of the Lomas with the first proposal for the Regional Conservation Area in 2014 (Ref 7). Governace and decison-making instruments Strategic instruments (e.g. GI strategies, green space strategy or plans) Economic and fiscal instruments (e.g. subsidies or grants, charges or fees, payments for ecosystem services (PES)) Educational and knowledge sharing instruments (e.g. science/ living labs, awareness raising campaigns, specific educational programs, green hubs) Arrangements for governance cooperation Formal coordination mechanisms to oversee project implementation and decision-making (e.g., multi-stakeholder steering committees, working groups) Information-sharing platforms or networks (e.g. websites for sharing best practices, data or resources pertinent to the project) Capacity-building initiatives for governance actors (e.g. training workshops for local government officials/ community leaders) Performance monitoring and evaluation frameworks (e.g. adoption of KPIs, or establishment or monitoring and evaluation processes) Barriers - Inadequacies in knowledge, skills, and political will among local authorities and technical teams in managing the Lomas ecosystem sustainably (Ref 1, 7) - Complexities in coordinating approaches that involve various levels of government and stakeholders in a conceptual, strategic, and operational manner (Ref 7) - Illegal land market (Ref 7) - Bureaucratic and administrative processes on the part of the local education management unit (UGEL) (Ref 7) - Constraints in human and financial resource management (Ref 7) - High turnover of key staff within local governments (Ref 3) - The declaration of national emergency and quarantine by COVID-19 continues to affect the progress of the project (Ref 3) - Lengthy administrative processes related to the review, evaluation and approval of the different processes concerning the project, at the different levels of governance (Ref 3) - Low capacity for knowledge transfer among lomeros and with other institutions Financing Total cost €500,000 - €2,000,000 Please specify total cost (EUR) 1,811,179.64 What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements? Unknown Source(s) of funding EU funds Multilateral funds/international funding Type of fund(s) used Direct funding (grants, subsidies, or self-financed projects by private entities) Non-financial contribution Unknown Co-finance for NBS Yes Co-governance arrangement A fund / grant Entrepreneurship opportunities Yes What entrepreneurship opportunities have arisen from the NBS project? Eco-tourism or nature-based tourism ventures Sustainable agriculture or agroforestry businesses What types of actors are leading the entrepreneurship activities linked to the NBS project? Local community groups/ citizens What types of support are provided to entrepreneurs engaged in NBS-related activities? Financial assistance (e.g., grants, loans, equity investments) Technical assistance or mentoring Legal and regulatory assistance Access to specialized facilities or equipment Business models Business models Risk reduction model Local stewardship model Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model? Public actor (e.g. municipality) Citizens / local communities 5. Evaluation and learning Impacts, benefits Environmental impacts Climate change Improved resilience against landslides Expected improved resilience against landslides Green space and habitat Increased green space area Achieved increased green space area Increased number of protection areas Achieved increased number of protection areas Increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems Achieved increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems Increased number of species present Achieved increased number of species present Restoration of derelict areas Achieved restoration of derelict areas Description of environmental benefits - Increased green space area: "Approximately 800 ha are no longer used for mining as they are converted to PCA" (Ref 3) - Improved resilience against landslides: "For the local case Paraíso/EbA Lomas, it is expected that the reforestation of the hilly ecosystem will contribute to reducing the risk of natural disasters such as landslides and rock falls." (Ref 2) - Increased number of protection areas: "The RCA SLL (Regional Conservation Area Sistema Lomas de Lima) was created and approved in December 2019. The Master Plan was finalised in March 2021 and, after comments on the final version, is still awaiting approval at the MLM level. A recognised PCA is in place. From the third quarter of 2020, the project successfully provided technical support to the mining company UNACEM, owner of land in the hills of Pachacamac, so that 788 hectares of these hills can be recognised as a private conservation area (PCA)." (Ref 3) - Restoration of derelict areas: "Approximately 800 ha are no longer used for mining as they are converted to PCA" (Ref 3) - Increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems: "3.45 out of 100 ha reforested per project" (Ref 3). "The native plant material available at that time was not sufficient even after the target was changed. The objective of the project shifts towards the creation of the necessary supply through the implementation of seed nurseries." (Ref 3) - Increased number of species present: "3.45 ha reforested. Additional key achievements for the restoration plan: 4 nurseries implemented to provide material for reforestation" (Ref 3) Environmental impact indicators Total area of habitat restored (in ha) 3.54 ha Total area of protected or secured natural areas (in ha) 13,475 Economic impacts Increase of green jobs (e.g. paid employment positions) Achieved increase of green jobs (e.g. paid employment positions) Generation of other type of work opportunities (e.g. voluntary, work for rehabilitation) Achieved generation of other type of work opportunities (e.g. voluntary, work for rehabilitation) More sustainable tourism Achieved more sustainable tourism Description of economic benefits - Increase of green jobs: "29.7% overall increase of employment as a result of tourism activities." (Ref 3) - More sustainable tourism: "The 6 civil society organisations (CSOs) have undertaken small projects to support the improvement of tourist routes (2 Trabaja Peru projects for economic reactivation that have been leveraged from the 2 micro-capitals of the AbE Lomas Project and that complement the work that was initiated from these projects)." (Ref 3) - Generation of other type of work opportunities (e.g. voluntary, work for rehabilitation): "140 volunteers and service providers" (Ref 3) Economic impact indicators Number of jobs created (e.g. park maintenance, landscaping, ecotourism) 29.7% increase of employement Number of businesses attracted by the NBS (number) 6 social organisations (82 people) Other indicators 33% annual increase in visitors before the pandemic Social and cultural impacts Social justice and cohesion Increased sustainability of agriculture practices Achieved increased sustainability of agriculture practices Cultural heritage and sense of place Increased sense of place identity, memory and belonging Achieved increased sense of place identity, memory and belonging Education Increased support for education and scientific research Achieved increased support for education and scientific research Social and cultural impact indicators Number of community events, gatherings, or volunteer activities organized in green spaces 18 events Number of environmental education programs, workshops, outreach activities (eg. in schools, community centers, public spaces) 93 schools impacted Other indicators 245 direct beneficieries, 6 organisations Description of social and cultural benefits - Increased sustainability of agriculture practices: "55 pig farmers were trained in environmentally friendly production practices in Mangomarca." (Ref 3) - Increased sense of place identity, memory and belonging: "The beneficiary population has acquired knowledge and has become aware of the fragility and importance of the Lomas ecosystem, and this has given them a sense of identification with the area." (Ref 2) - Education: Increased support for education and scientific research: "93 schools involved in fog oasis conservation activities in Lima by 2021" (Ref 3) Evidence for use of assessment Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process Yes Actors involved in the assessment, monitoring or evaluation of NBS impacts Citizens or community group Multilateral organisation Presence of indicators used in reporting Yes Type of indicators Output indicators Process indicators Progress indicators Outcome indicators Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports Yes Link to monitoring/evaluation reports https://open.undp.org/projects/00096496 Availability of a web-based monitoring tool No evidence in public records Name of any specific impact assessment tools Unknown Use of GIS in mapping impacts Yes Link to GIS monitoring data https://geolomas.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html Cost-benefit analysis Yes Transparency Inclusion of diverse stakeholders in project governance processes (e.g. planning, implementation, monitoring, etc.) Public disclosure of project funding sources and/or budgets Online disclosure of technical reports (e.g. project documents, reports, or data) Justice Community satisfaction Positive: The majority of feedback and reports indicate high levels of satisfaction and appreciation for the NBS project within the community. Description of locals satisfaction with the project Most of the feedback found is positive in terms of strengthening information about the ecosystems of the Lomas, the conservation efforts that are being carried out, the possibilities to receive training, do research and use technology to improve water management, and lastly, the possibilities of association between the different communities and interested institutions. However, there are aspects in the progress reports that mention that although the communities are willing to collaborate, they are reluctant to adopt traditional conservation models (Ref 7, 8) Trade-offs & Negative impacts Unknown Emphasis of existing social inequalities or injustices No information reported related to negative social justice-related impacts of the NBS project Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement Unknown High-quality & Transformative NBS Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community) Yes Goal setting and impacts delivery Yes, from the planning phase the project aimed to address issues in these three key priority areas and it also delivered benefits across these three areas. Reaching original project goals Most of the project goals were achieved Long-term perspective Unknown: No information about the project's long-term sustainability. Cost-effective solutions Yes Equitable impacts C. Unknown Transformative capacity Social change (e.g. social relationships, networks and dynamics within them) Ecological change (e.g. ecosystem functions and their distribution) Magnitude of change Reformist: by focusing on addressing underlying drivers of change but failing to address the problem structurally or systemically Application of lessons learned Unknown Perception of Environmental Change Yes NBS Supports ecological or environmental anxiety Unknown 6. Sources References 1. Naumann, S.; Burgos Cuevas N.; Davies, C.; Bradley, S.; Mahmoud, I. H.; Arlati, A. (2023). Harnessing the power of collaboration for nature-based solutions . Accessed on August 1, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 2. Mori-Clement, Y.; Zapata, F. (2023). Las Soluciones basadas en la Naturaleza y sus beneficios socioeconómicos para el Perú. Accessed on August 1, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 3. Fernández-Baca, E. (2021). Informe del cierre del proyecto - Conservación, Gestión y Rehabilitación de los Ecosistemas Frágiles de Lomas en Lima - Eba Lomas . UNDP Peru, Accessed on August 1, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 4. UNDP Peru (n.d.). EbA Lomas. Accessed on August 1, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 5. UNDP Peru (2024). Conservación, gestión y rehabilitación de ecosistémas frágiles de lomas en Lima, promover mejores condiciones para la conservación de estos ecosistemas que albergan diversas especies de importancia global, y reducir los riesgos de degradación. Accessed on August 1, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 6. Peruvian Government (n.d.). Proyecto EbA Lomas concluye actividades contribuyendo a la conservación de 20 mil hectáreas de lomas de Lima. Accessed on August 2, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 7. Clima de Cambios PUPC (2020). Lomas costeras: un paraíso por proteger. Accessed on August 2, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 8. López Sotomayor, G. (2022). Detrás de la neblina Lecciones aprendidas en las lomas de Lima. UNDP Peru, Accessed on August 2, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 9. UNDP (2022). TERMINOS DE REFERENCIA (TdR) PNUD/IC-474-2021 – Evaluación Final del Proyecto Conservación, gestión y rehabilitación de los ecosistemas frágiles de Lomas en Lima - EbA Lomas. Accessed on August 5, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 10. Abanto Quino, D. (2022). Valoración Económica de Las Lomas de Lima. Accessed on August 5, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; Comments and notes Public Images Image Flowers and plants in a Loma of Lima UNDP - https://www.undp.org/es/peru/noticias/conservar-las-lomas-un-ecosistema-unico-y-vital-en-lima Image Picture of a Loma of Lima Peruvian Government - https://www.gob.pe/institucion/sernanp/noticias/570001-proyecto-eba-lomas-concluye-actividades-contribuyendo-a-la-conservacion-de-20-mil-hectareas-de-lomas-de-lima
Image Flowers and plants in a Loma of Lima UNDP - https://www.undp.org/es/peru/noticias/conservar-las-lomas-un-ecosistema-unico-y-vital-en-lima
Image Picture of a Loma of Lima Peruvian Government - https://www.gob.pe/institucion/sernanp/noticias/570001-proyecto-eba-lomas-concluye-actividades-contribuyendo-a-la-conservacion-de-20-mil-hectareas-de-lomas-de-lima
